Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Automatic Processing and Automatic Social Behavior01:28

Automatic Processing and Automatic Social Behavior

284
Automatic processing refers to the cognitive operations that occur without conscious intent or awareness, playing a fundamental role in shaping social cognition and behavior. These processes enable individuals to navigate complex social environments efficiently by relying on mental shortcuts and pre-existing knowledge structures known as schemas. One of the most influential mechanisms underlying automatic processing is priming, which subtly activates mental representations through exposure to...
284
Purposive Learning01:22

Purposive Learning

545
E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a...
545
Introspection01:29

Introspection

380
Introspection, long upheld as a reliable route to self-knowledge, involves examining one's thoughts, emotions, and mental processes. It underpins many psychological practices, from mindfulness meditation to psychotherapy and self-help strategies. However, empirical evidence challenges the accuracy of introspection as a means of understanding oneself.Limitations of Introspective InsightSeminal work by Nisbett and Wilson demonstrated that individuals are frequently unaware of the true causes...
380
Timing and Consequences on Behavior01:08

Timing and Consequences on Behavior

510
In operant conditioning, the timing of reinforcement is crucial. For animals like rats and cats, immediate reinforcement (within a few seconds) is much more effective than delayed reinforcement. For example, a food reward for a rat needs to follow within 30 seconds of pressing a bar to be effective. 
Humans, however, can respond to delayed reinforcers. We often make decisions between immediate small rewards and delayed larger rewards. This ability to delay gratification is a significant...
510
Naturalistic Observations02:30

Naturalistic Observations

17.8K
If you want to understand how behavior occurs, one of the best ways to gain information is to simply observe the behavior in its natural context. However, people might change their behavior in unexpected ways if they know they are being observed. How do researchers obtain accurate information when people tend to hide their natural behavior? As an example, imagine that your professor asks everyone in your class to raise their hand if they always wash their hands after using the restroom. Chances...
17.8K
Framing Effects03:26

Framing Effects

8.0K
Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in...
8.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Mental contrasting prevents a negative future by changing the explicit and implicit meaning of reality.

Journal of personality and social psychology·2026
Same author

Effects of jump training on power, strength, balance and aerobic performance in non-exercising young adults.

Frontiers in sports and active living·2026
Same author

Predicting parents' HPV vaccination intentions and behaviors across countries and time.

Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association·2026
Same author

Steak is not the only meat: Men opt for unconventional meat products when mitigating masculinity threat.

Appetite·2025
Same author

Effort and boredom shape our experience of time.

Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews·2025
Same author

Eight-week high intensity jump training does not change neural correlates of executive functions and emotion regulation in young adults.

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 27, 2026

Task Interruption and Resumption Paradigm for Testing the Activation and Pursuit of an Abstract Thinking Goal
06:45

Task Interruption and Resumption Paradigm for Testing the Activation and Pursuit of an Abstract Thinking Goal

Published on: April 18, 2017

6.7K

More than planned: Implementation intention effects in non-planned situations.

Maik Bieleke1, Eve Legrand2, Astrid Mignon2

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Germany; Graduate School of Decision Sciences, University of Konstanz, Germany.

Acta Psychologica
|July 2, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Forming implementation intentions (if-then plans) helps achieve goals by automating responses. However, these plans can also hinder goal attainment in unexpected situations, impacting performance speed and accuracy.

Keywords:
Cognitive resourcesGeneralizationGoal attainmentImplementation intentionsSelf-regulation

More Related Videos

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies
05:22

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: May 9, 2019

5.8K
The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
08:24

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

1.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 27, 2026

Task Interruption and Resumption Paradigm for Testing the Activation and Pursuit of an Abstract Thinking Goal
06:45

Task Interruption and Resumption Paradigm for Testing the Activation and Pursuit of an Abstract Thinking Goal

Published on: April 18, 2017

6.7K
Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies
05:22

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: May 9, 2019

5.8K
The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
08:24

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

1.2K

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Cognitive Science
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Implementation intentions (if-then plans) are a key self-regulation strategy.
  • They enhance goal attainment by automating responses in critical situations.
  • The effects of implementation intentions in non-specified situations are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of implementation intentions on goal attainment in specified and unspecified situations.
  • To examine how response speed and accuracy are affected by planned responses in similar and dissimilar situations.

Main Methods:

  • Three experiments were conducted using an object classification task.
  • Participants formed implementation intentions for specific situations.
  • Goal attainment was measured by response speed and accuracy across varied situations.

Main Results:

  • Implementation intentions facilitated planned responses in critical and similar situations, improving goal attainment when the planned response was needed.
  • Performance was impaired when the planned response was not required in critical or similar situations.
  • Dissimilar situations requiring the planned response also led to unfavorable effects.

Conclusions:

  • Implementation intentions can facilitate goal attainment but may also impair performance in situations not explicitly planned for.
  • The effects extend to situations similar and dissimilar to the critical ones, with potential benefits and pitfalls.
  • Understanding these non-planned effects is crucial for optimizing self-regulation strategies.