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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

647
Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
647
Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

493
Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
493
Myocarditis III: Medical Management01:14

Myocarditis III: Medical Management

266
Myocarditis: Comprehensive Medical ManagementMyocarditis, the heart muscle inflammation, requires a comprehensive medical management strategy that addresses the underlying cause, provides supportive care, manages symptoms, and reduces cardiac workload.Infections and Autoimmune CausesAdminister appropriate antimicrobial therapy when an infectious agent causes myocarditis. For instance, penicillin treats infections caused by Group A Streptococcus. In cases where autoimmune processes are...
266
Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

776
The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
776
Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management01:21

Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management

420
Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
420
Myocarditis IV: Nursing Management01:22

Myocarditis IV: Nursing Management

297
Myocarditis is an inflammatory condition of the myocardium requiring meticulous nursing management for optimal patient outcomes. Effective management begins with a thorough assessment of the patient's medical history, paying close attention to past infections, autoimmune disorders, travel history, and exposure to toxins or drugs. Recent viral infections and systemic diseases are particularly relevant due to their potential role in triggering myocarditis.Physical Examination and MonitoringThe...
297

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Noninvasive Assessment of Cardiac Abnormalities in Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis by Magnetic Resonance Microscopy Imaging in the Mouse
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Immune-Mediated Heart Disease.

Elena Generali1, Marco Folci2, Carlo Selmi1,3

  • 1Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|July 2, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Systemic autoimmune diseases can severely impact heart health, causing inflammation and damage. Regular cardiovascular assessments are crucial for early detection and prevention of heart failure in affected patients.

Keywords:
Antiphospholipid syndromeArthritisAtherosclerosisAutoimmunityChronic inflammationConnective tissue diseasesImmune-mediated injury

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Systemic autoimmune diseases pose a significant and growing threat to cardiovascular health.
  • Cardiac involvement can range from acute, life-threatening conditions to chronic myocardial damage.
  • Understanding the mechanisms of cardiac injury is vital for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms of heart damage in systemic autoimmune diseases.
  • To emphasize the importance of cardiovascular assessment in these patients.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of cardiac involvement in systemic autoimmune diseases.
  • Analysis of pathogenic mechanisms including inflammation, autoantibodies, and immune complexes.
  • Discussion of clinical manifestations and diagnostic considerations.

Main Results:

  • Cardiac structures can be damaged by direct inflammatory infiltrate or accelerated atherosclerosis.
  • Autoantibodies and immune complex precipitation contribute to myocardial and endocardial injury.
  • Lesions can manifest acutely or chronically, leading to diverse clinical presentations.

Conclusions:

  • The pathogenesis of cardiac damage in autoimmune diseases involves complex immunological pathways.
  • Prompt recognition and management of cardiac involvement are essential.
  • Regular, in-depth cardiovascular evaluation is critical to prevent heart failure progression.