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Updated: Feb 27, 2026
Atomic Force Microscopy Cantilever-Based Nanoindentation: Mechanical Property Measurements at the Nanoscale in Air and Fluid
Published on: December 2, 2022
Dynamic modeling of trolling-mode AFM: Considering effects of cantilever torsion, nanoneedle flexibility and
Mohammadreza Sajjadi1, Hossein Nejat Pishkenari1, Gholamreza Vossoughi2
1Nanorobotics laboratory, Department of Mechanical engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract:
Trolling mode atomic force microscope (TR-Mode AFM) significantly reduces the hydrodynamic drag generated during operation in liquid environments. This is achieved by utilizing a long nanoneedle and keeping the cantilever out of liquid. In this research, a continuous mathematical model is developed to study TR-Mode AFM dynamics near a sample submerged in the liquid. Effects of cantilever torsion, nanoneedle flexibility, and liquid-nanoneedle interactions are considered in the model. In order to derive the equations of motion, Hamilton's principle and assumed mode method are used. System operation in dynamic mode is numerically simulated and the accuracy of the results is verified by comparison with the results of the finite element method. Displacements of different components of the system are also compared with each other and the dominant displacements are determined.
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