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Spatial and temporal postural analysis in children born prematurely.

Maria Pia Bucci1, Margherita Tringali2, Clémence Trousson3

  • 1UMR 1141 INSERM-Université Paris 7, Robert-Debré Paediatric Hospital, 48 Boulevard Sérurier, 75019 Paris, France; Vestibular and Oculomotor Evaluation Unit (EFEE), ENT Dept., Robert Debré Paediatric Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 48 Boulevard Sérurier, 75019, Paris, France.

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Summary

Preterm children exhibit poorer postural stability compared to full-term peers, especially on unstable surfaces. This may stem from immature cortical processes affecting sensory input compensation in preterm individuals.

Keywords:
Healthy childrenMotor developmentPostural controlPreterm infantsSensory inputWavelet transformation

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Neuroscience
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Postural stability is crucial for motor development.
  • Preterm birth can impact neurodevelopmental outcomes, including motor control.
  • Understanding postural control deficits in preterm children is essential for early intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare postural stability between preterm and full-term children aged 4-6 years.
  • To analyze spatial and temporal characteristics of the Center of Pressure (CoP) during postural tasks.
  • To investigate the influence of visual conditions and surface stability on postural control in these groups.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty-nine preterm and 29 age-matched full-term children participated.
  • Postural control was assessed using a stable and unstable platform (Framiral®).
  • Three visual conditions were employed: eyes open, eyes closed, and optokinetic stimulation.

Main Results:

  • Preterm children showed significantly increased CoP surface area and mean velocity, particularly on unstable surfaces.
  • Spectral power indices of CoP were significantly higher in preterm children.
  • Cancelling time did not differ significantly between the groups.

Conclusions:

  • Preterm children exhibit impaired postural stability, likely due to immature cortical motor control processes.
  • Difficult postural and visual conditions may reveal an inappropriate sensory input compensation in preterm children.
  • These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to address motor control deficits in preterm populations.