Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Phase-lead and Phase-lag Controllers

Phase-lead and Phase-lag Controllers

Understanding the working function of different types of controllers can be illustrated with practical analogies, such as adjusting a stereo's volume equalizer. Cranking up the bass involves a phase-lead controller, which functions as a high-pass filter, while increasing the treble uses a phase-lag controller, which acts as a low-pass filter. PD controllers, similar to high-pass filters, enhance the system's response to high-frequency components. PI controllers, akin to low-pass...

Generator Voltage Control

Generator Voltage Control

Generator voltage control is crucial for maintaining the stable operation of synchronous generators and wind turbines. In older models, a DC generator driven by the rotor delivers DC power to the rotor's field winding, and the power is transferred through slip rings and brushes. In the latest models, static or brushless exciters are used. Static exciters rectify AC power from the generator terminals and then transfer the DC power directly to the rotor. Brushless exciters, on the other hand, use...

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control

Phase-lead controllers are commonly used in various control systems to enhance response speed and stability. Adjusting the brightness on a television screen offers a practical example of phase-lead control. When contrast is enhanced, a phase-lead controller is employed. Mathematically, phase-lead control is identified when the first parameter is smaller than the second.
The design of phase-lead control involves the strategic placement of poles and zeros to balance steady-state error and system...

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control

Phase-lag controllers are widely used in control systems to improve stability and reduce steady-state errors. A dimmer switch controlling the brightness of a light bulb serves as a practical example of phase-lag control, gradually adjusting the bulb's brightness. Mathematically, phase-lag control or low-pass filtering is represented when the factor 'a' is less than 1.
Phase-lag controllers do not place a pole at zero, but instead influence the steady-state error by amplifying any...

Design Example: Capacitance Multiplier Circuit

Design Example: Capacitance Multiplier Circuit

In integrated circuit technology, a capacitance multiplier is often utilized to produce a larger capacitance value when a small physical capacitance falls short. This is achieved by a circuit that multiplies capacitance values by a factor of up to 1000, such that a 10-pF capacitor can replicate the performance of a 100-nF capacitor.
The circuit illustrated in Figure 1 below incorporates two op-amps, with the first operating as a voltage follower and the second acting as an inverting amplifier.

Clamper Circuit

Clamper Circuit

A clamper circuit, also known as a DC restorer, represents a specialized variant of the rectifier circuit, notable for its method of taking the output across the diode rather than the capacitor. This configuration lends to several distinctive applications, particularly in handling square wave inputs.
Within this circuit, the diode's orientation prompts the capacitor to charge up to the level of the most negative peak of the input signal. Upon reaching this state, the diode ceases to...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

HeNe laser for a high-precision phase-shifting interferometer based on peak power locking and weak thermal coupling.

Applied optics·2026

Same author

Dynamic modulation of spot-ring mode distribution in a high-power fiber laser utilizing a triple-structure long-period fiber grating.

Optics express·2025

Same author

Fading suppression method based on redundant data within the spatial resolution and deep learning for a Φ-OTDR system.

Optics express·2025

Same author

High-Sensitivity, High-Resolution Miniaturized Spectrometers for Ultraviolet to Near-Infrared Using Guided-Mode Resonance Filters.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2024

Same author

Laser welding by focusing multi-laser beams.

Optics express·2024

Same author

Ideal Photothermal Materials Based on Ge Subwavelength Structure.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 27, 2026

Using Neuron Spiking Activity to Trigger Closed-Loop Stimuli in Neurophysiological Experiments

Using Neuron Spiking Activity to Trigger Closed-Loop Stimuli in Neurophysiological Experiments

Published on: November 12, 2019

A high-resolution programmable Vernier delay generator based on carry chains in FPGA.

Ke Cui¹, Xiangyu Li², Rihong Zhu¹

¹The MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Solid Laser, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, #200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.

The Review of Scientific Instruments

|July 3, 2017

Summary

This study introduces a high-resolution delay generator on a single FPGA chip using carry chains. This efficient design offers a large dynamic range and high precision for physical instruments.

More Related Videos

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

Measurement of Coherence Decay in GaMnAs Using Femtosecond Four-wave Mixing

Measurement of Coherence Decay in GaMnAs Using Femtosecond Four-wave Mixing

Published on: December 3, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 27, 2026

Using Neuron Spiking Activity to Trigger Closed-Loop Stimuli in Neurophysiological Experiments

Using Neuron Spiking Activity to Trigger Closed-Loop Stimuli in Neurophysiological Experiments

Published on: November 12, 2019

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

Measurement of Coherence Decay in GaMnAs Using Femtosecond Four-wave Mixing

Measurement of Coherence Decay in GaMnAs Using Femtosecond Four-wave Mixing

Published on: December 3, 2013

Area of Science:

Electrical Engineering
Computer Engineering
Instrumentation

Background:

Accurate timing is crucial for many physical instruments.
Existing delay generators may lack sufficient resolution or dynamic range.
Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) offer a flexible platform for custom hardware development.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a novel architecture for a high-resolution delay generator.
To implement this generator on a single FPGA chip.
To achieve both a large dynamic range and high resolution.

Main Methods:

Utilizing dedicated carry chains within an FPGA.
Organizing carry chains in a Vernier delay loop style.
Implementing a coarse and fine delay step architecture.

Main Results:

Achieved a resolution of 38.6 ps.
Exhibited low differential nonlinearity ([-0.18 LSB, 0.24 LSB]) and integral nonlinearity ([-0.02 LSB, 0.01 LSB]).
Demonstrated resource efficiency using 668 look-up tables and 146 registers.

Conclusions:

The proposed FPGA-based delay generator meets high-resolution and linearity requirements.
The Vernier delay loop architecture effectively provides fine delay steps.
This design offers an efficient and precise solution for timing applications in physical instruments.