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Mass Analyzers: Common Types

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The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...

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Updated: Feb 27, 2026

Real-Time DC-dynamic Biasing Method for Switching Time Improvement in Severely Underdamped Fringing-field Electrostatic MEMS Actuators

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A compact linear accelerator based on a scalable microelectromechanical-system RF-structure.

A Persaud¹, Q Ji¹, E Feinberg¹

¹E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.

The Review of Scientific Instruments

|July 3, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a novel compact radio-frequency accelerator using printed circuit board technology. The new design scales up parallel beamlets for higher beam currents and faster, cheaper fabrication.

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Area of Science:

* Physics
* Engineering

Background:

* The Multiple Electrostatic Quadrupole Array Linear Accelerator (MEQALAC) structure, developed in the 1980s, utilized RF resonators and electrostatic quadrupoles (ESQs) for high beam currents.
* Early MEQALAC designs featured ESQs with centimeter-scale dimensions.
* A need exists for more compact and scalable accelerator designs.

Purpose of the Study:

* To present a new, compact radio-frequency (RF) accelerator structure based on MEQALAC principles.
* To demonstrate the feasibility of miniaturizing ESQ components using printed circuit board (PCB) technology.
* To explore the potential for microfabrication techniques for mass production.

Main Methods:

* Adaptation of the MEQALAC architecture using PCB fabrication for RF acceleration and ESQ focusing components.
* Reduction of characteristic ESQ dimensions to the millimeter scale.
* Development of a modular design using stacked wafers for accelerator assembly.

Main Results:

* Proof-of-concept results for key RF acceleration and ESQ focusing components fabricated using PCB technology.
* Demonstrated reduction in characteristic dimensions to the millimeter regime.
* Successful prototyping of essential accelerator components.

Conclusions:

* The presented PCB-based approach offers a pathway to compact, scalable, and cost-effective RF accelerators.
* Miniaturization of ESQ components is achievable using PCB and potentially microfabrication techniques.
* This technology holds promise for future applications requiring high beam currents and tunable energies.