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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
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Imaging Studies IV: Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:27

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Introduction:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, or MRI, can include a specialized imaging technique of the urinary system known as Magnetic Resonance Urography (MRU). This radiation-free technique uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images with the help of a computer. MRU is particularly effective for visualizing fluid-filled structures like the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.Applications of MRI in the Genitourinary SystemKidneys and Ureters: MRI detects tumors, cysts,...
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Imaging Studies I: CT and MRI01:14

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Introduction: MRI and CT scans are crucial advancements in medical imaging techniques, playing a vital role in diagnosing conditions related to the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Each scan serves distinct purposes, targets specific areas, and requires unique nursing duties.
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Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging, or CMRI, is a non-invasive diagnostic test that employs a magnetic field and radiofrequency waves to create precise images of the heart and arteries. It provides comprehensive information about cardiac anatomy, function, perfusion, and tissue characterization without ionizing radiation.IndicationsCMRI diagnoses various heart conditions, including tissue damage from heart attacks, ischemic heart disease, myocarditis, aortic issues (tears, aneurysms,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 27, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancing Hepatic Fibrosis Diagnosis Using Magnetic Resonance Elastography and AI
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Liver MRI: From basic protocol to advanced techniques.

Henrique Donato1, Manuela França2, Isabel Candelária1

  • 1Imaging Department, Faculty of Medicine of Coimbra, University Centre Hospitals of Coimbra (CHUC), Portugal.

European Journal of Radiology
|July 3, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Mastering liver magnetic resonance (MR) imaging protocols and contrast agents is crucial for maximizing its multiparametric capabilities. Advanced techniques like diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and quantitative MR enhance lesion detection and characterization for improved liver disease assessment.

Keywords:
Diffusion MRIFatty liverLiverLiver cirrhosisMRIPerfusion imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Liver MR imaging is a powerful tool with multiparametric capabilities.
  • Optimizing protocols, understanding contrast agents, and managing artifacts are key to its full potential.
  • Physiological artifacts in abdominal MR can be mitigated with triggering and motion control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline essential components for high-quality liver MR imaging.
  • To emphasize the role of advanced techniques and contrast agents in liver MR.
  • To highlight the expanding clinical applications of liver MR beyond morphology.

Main Methods:

  • Standardized liver MR protocols incorporating motion-resistant sequences (T2-w, GRE T1/T2-w with fat suppression).
  • Inclusion of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (DWI) for sub-centimeter metastasis detection.
  • Utilization of contrast-enhanced MR, including extracellular and hepatobiliary agents, for lesion characterization.

Main Results:

  • Optimized protocols and advanced techniques like DWI and contrast enhancement significantly improve diagnostic accuracy.
  • Hepatobiliary contrast agents offer additional functional information, enhancing diagnostic value.
  • Quantitative MR and radiomics show promise for disease detection, prognostication, and treatment response evaluation.

Conclusions:

  • Liver MR is a mature, multiparametric modality with expanded clinical applications from morphology to advanced imaging.
  • Mastery of technique, protocol optimization, and advanced concepts are essential for high-quality liver MR studies.
  • Emerging biomarkers in quantitative MR offer new insights into disease management and oncologic treatment assessment.