Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 27, 2026

Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model
08:03

Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model

Published on: November 4, 2025

313

Clustering of craniofacial patterns in Korean children with snoring

Stephanie Maritza Anderson1, Hoi-Jeong Lim2, Ki-Beom Kim3

  • 1Department of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea.

Korean Journal of Orthodontics
|July 4, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Craniofacial patterns in Korean children with snoring and adenotonsillar hypertrophy (ATH) form three age-related clusters. Hyperdivergent vertical discrepancies were common across all groups, indicating a consistent skeletal trait.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Dentistry
  • Orthodontics
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Snoring and adenotonsillar hypertrophy (ATH) in children can be associated with craniofacial morphology.
  • Understanding these associations is crucial for diagnosis and treatment planning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related craniofacial pattern clusters in Korean children with snoring and ATH.
  • To identify specific cephalometric characteristics within these clusters.

Main Methods:

  • Cephalometric analysis of 236 Korean children (5-12 years) with snoring and ATH.
  • Classification of sagittal (Class I, II, III) and vertical (normodivergent, hypodivergent, hyperdivergent) skeletal patterns.
  • Cluster analysis incorporating age and cephalometric principal components.

Main Results:

  • Three distinct craniofacial clusters were identified based on age.
  • Cluster 1 (5-8 years): Class I/mild Class II, hyperdivergent.
  • Cluster 2 (9-12 years): Class II, hyperdivergent.
  • Cluster 3 (7-8 years): Class III, hyperdivergent.

Conclusions:

  • Craniofacial patterns in children with snoring and ATH can be age-categorized into three clusters.
  • Hyperdivergent vertical discrepancy is a consistent finding across all identified clusters.
  • While sagittal discrepancies varied, vertical skeletal patterns showed a notable trend.
Abstract

Keywords:
Adenotonsillar hypertrophyCluster analysisCraniofacial patternSnoring

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