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Association between serum 25 (OH) vitamin D level at birth and respiratory morbidities among preterm neonates

Adham Mohamed Hegazy1, Dina Mohamed Shinkar1, Noha Refaat Mohamed1

  • 1a Faculty of Medicine , Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt.

The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine : the Official Journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians
|July 4, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Low vitamin D levels are common in Egyptian preterm infants and are an independent risk factor for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). This highlights the importance of monitoring vitamin D in neonates.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatology
  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Vitamin D plays a crucial role in infant health.
  • Preterm neonates are at higher risk for various complications.
  • The impact of early-life 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] on neonatal respiratory outcomes requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between cord blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).
  • To explore the relationship between 25(OH)D levels and the need for mechanical ventilation and development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study was conducted with 65 preterm neonates (<34 weeks gestation).
  • Serum 25(OH)D levels were measured on the first day of life and categorized.
  • Comparison of 25(OH)D levels was made between neonates with and without RDS, considering ventilation needs, BPD, and mortality.

Main Results:

  • Only one neonate had normal vitamin D levels; severe deficiency was prevalent.
  • Neonates with RDS exhibited significantly lower mean serum 25(OH)D levels compared to controls (p=0.028).
  • Low 25(OH)D was identified as an independent risk factor for RDS.

Conclusions:

  • Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in Egyptian preterm neonates.
  • Low 25(OH)D levels are significantly associated with an increased risk of developing RDS.
  • Early-life vitamin D status is a critical factor in neonatal respiratory health.
Abstract

Keywords:
Bronchopulmonary dysplasiaprematurityrespiratory distress syndromevitamin D

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