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Feeding of preterm infants and fortification of breast milk

Giovanna Mangili1, Elena Garzoli

  • 1Local Health Unit Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo. gmangili@asst-pg23.it.

La Pediatria Medica E Chirurgica : Medical and Surgical Pediatrics
|July 5, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Optimal nutrition is crucial for infant growth and development. Early nutritional strategies, including parenteral and enteral methods, are vital for very low birth weight (VLBW) infants to prevent growth delays.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal nutrition
  • Pediatric growth and development

Background:

  • Adequate nutrient administration supports linear growth and neurocognitive development.
  • Extra-uterine growth delay is a concern in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.
  • Timely nutritional strategies are essential from the first day of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of rapid nutritional support in VLBW infants.
  • To discuss parenteral and enteral nutrition options for preterm infants.
  • To address nutritional challenges in premature infants.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current nutritional strategies for preterm and VLBW infants.
  • Discussion of parenteral nutrition indications in prematurity.
  • Evaluation of enteral nutrition choices, including breast milk and alternatives.

Main Results:

  • Parenteral nutrition is frequently indicated in preterm infants due to immature digestive systems and low reserves.
  • Breast milk is the preferred enteral source, often requiring fortification for VLBW infants.
  • Specialized infant formulas serve as an alternative when breast milk is unavailable.

Conclusions:

  • Rapid implementation of appropriate nutrition, parenteral or enteral, is key to improving outcomes for VLBW infants.
  • Addressing protein and mineral deficits is critical for preterm infants.
  • Tailored nutritional support is essential for optimal infant development.

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