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Injury-mediated decrease in locomotor performance increases predation risk in schooling fish.

J Krause1,2, J E Herbert-Read3,4, F Seebacher5

  • 1Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany j.krause@igb-berlin.de.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
|July 5, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Predators attack fish schools at the rear, increasing mortality risk for those fish. Injured sardines lag behind, suggesting injuries drive spatial sorting within schools.

Keywords:
fish schoolsgroup-livinglocomotionpredationspatial positions

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Ecology
  • Marine Biology
  • Predator-Prey Dynamics

Background:

  • Group living benefits can be position-dependent, with peripheral and frontal individuals facing higher predation risk.
  • Predator-prey models predict differential mortality based on spatial positioning within mobile prey groups.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate spatial predation risk and injury effects on sardine school structure during sailfish attacks.
  • To test predictions of predator-prey models in a natural marine environment.

Main Methods:

  • Observation of sardine (Sardinella aurita) schools attacked by sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) in the open ocean.
  • Analysis of sailfish attack direction, prey position, and individual fish injury status.
  • Measurement of injured and uninjured fish swimming performance (tail-beat frequency, lagging).

Main Results:

  • Sailfish attacks were directed at the rear and peripheral positions of sardine schools, not uniformly as predicted.
  • Injured sardines were disproportionately found in the rear half of the school and exhibited reduced swimming speeds.
  • Injuries significantly impaired swimming ability, leading to spatial sorting within the school.

Conclusions:

  • Predation risk is concentrated at the rear and periphery of sardine schools, challenging some theoretical models.
  • Injuries sustained during predator attacks can actively drive spatial self-assortment in prey schools.
  • Incorporating realistic predator-prey interactions is crucial for refining ecological models of group behavior.