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Related Concept Videos

Papillary Dermis01:11

Papillary Dermis

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Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
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The papillary and reticular dermis are the two layers of the dermis. They are made of connective tissue with fibers of collagen extending from one to the other, making the border between the two somewhat indistinct. The dermal papillae extending into the epidermis belong to the papillary layer, whereas the dense collagen fiber bundles below belong to the reticular layer.
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Dynamic Skin Patterns in Cephalopods.

Martin J How1, Mark D Norman2, Julian Finn2

  • 1Ecology of Vision Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of BristolBristol, United Kingdom.

Frontiers in Physiology
|July 5, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cephalopods create stunning "dynamic patterns" using specialized skin cells. This study explores these complex visual displays across 21 species, revealing new insights into their function.

Keywords:
camouflagecephalopodchromatophorecommunicationdynamic patternsmotionpassing waveskin

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Animal Behavior
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Cephalopods possess a unique ability to rapidly change their skin's visual appearance.
  • This transformation is achieved through a sophisticated system of dermal units controlled by neural, hormonal, and muscular inputs.
  • These units, chromatophores, can be coordinated to generate diverse and dynamic body patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the characteristics, contexts, and potential functions of dynamic patterns in cephalopods.
  • To document and analyze dynamic pattern displays across a wide range of cephalopod species.
  • To expand the scientific understanding of visual communication and camouflage in these mollusks.

Main Methods:

  • Observational studies of cephalopod behavior in natural and controlled environments.
  • Analysis of video and photographic documentation of dynamic pattern displays.
  • Comparative analysis of patterns across 21 different cephalopod species, including 11 new reports.

Main Results:

  • Documented a spectrum of dynamic patterns, from simple flashes to complex, multi-field wave patterns.
  • Observed dynamic patterns in 21 species, significantly broadening the known occurrences.
  • Identified variations in pattern complexity and context across different taxa.

Conclusions:

  • Dynamic patterns are a widespread and complex feature of cephalopod visual communication and camouflage.
  • The study provides novel examples and expands the known diversity of these displays.
  • Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the behavioral and evolutionary significance of cephalopod dynamic patterns.