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Executive functioning in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients without cognitive impairment: A

Simone Migliore1, Giuseppe Curcio2, Alessandro Couyoumdjian3

  • 1Clinical Psychology, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy/LIRH Foundation, Rome, Italy.

Multiple Sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)
|July 6, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients without cognitive impairment show deficits in executive control during task-switching, indicating pre-frontal cortex (PFC) dysfunction. This impacts their ability to adapt behavior flexibly.

Keywords:
Information processing speedMACFIMScognitive assessmentexecutive functionsmultiple sclerosisworking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Cognitive dysfunction impacts 40%-65% of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, primarily affecting information processing speed and working memory.
  • These cognitive deficits are often mediated by the pre-frontal cortex (PFC).

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate pre-frontal cortex (PFC) functioning in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients without cognitive impairment.
  • Utilize a task-switching protocol to assess executive control processes.

Main Methods:

  • Enrolled 24 RRMS patients and 25 controls.
  • Administered a task-switching protocol with rapid, random succession of two tasks.
  • Measured switch cost (SC) and reaction times in switch and repetition trials.

Main Results:

  • RRMS patients exhibited significantly increased switch costs (SC) and reaction times compared to controls.
  • Patients demonstrated impaired ability to reconfigure task-sets and disengage from previous tasks.
  • Deficits were specific to switch trials, suggesting executive control impairments.

Conclusions:

  • RRMS patients without cognitive impairment have primary deficits in executive control processes during task-switching.
  • These deficits are likely linked to functional impairments in the pre-frontal cortex (PFC).
  • PFC function is crucial for rapid and flexible behavioral adaptation to environmental changes.