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Concrete mixing ensures a homogenous blend where aggregates are well-coated with cement paste. Concrete mixing is typically done using two main types of mixers: batch and continuous. Batch mixers handle one batch at a time, thoroughly combining materials before discharging and receiving the next batch. In contrast, continuous mixers receive a steady flow of ingredients, mixing them consistently and discharging without interruption. Within batch mixers, tilting drum mixers mix with internal...
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Alkali Aggregate Reaction in Concrete01:26

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The alkali-aggregate reaction in concrete involves natural siliceous minerals in aggregates reacting with alkaline hydroxides derived from cement alkalis. This reaction forms an alkali-silica gel that absorbs water, swells, and increases in volume, which is confined by the surrounding cement paste, creating internal pressures that crack and disrupt the concrete. The extent of expansion and damage can be partly attributed to the alkali-silica reaction's osmotic hydraulic pressure and the...
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Ready-mixed concrete, also known as pre-mixed concrete, is prepared in a centralized plant and then transported in trucks to construction sites where it is ready for placement. This type of concrete is categorized into central-mixed, truck-mixed (or transit-mixed), and shrink-mixed. Central-mixed concrete is entirely prepared at a plant and moved to the site in agitator trucks that rotate at a speed of 2 to 6 rpm. Truck-mixed concrete, on the other hand, has the ingredients batched at the plant...
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Concrete is a vital construction material extensively used worldwide, primarily valued for its strength, durability, and versatility, which it provides for various structural designs. Concrete generally comprises ingredients like Portland cement, coarse gravel, fine sand, and water. Concrete can be mixed by simple hand methods or industrially at computer-controlled plants. The mixture consists of aggregates and a paste made from water and Portland cement. This paste coats the aggregates and,...
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The bond between aggregate particles and the cement matrix is significantly influenced by the shape and surface texture of the aggregates. High-strength concretes benefit from a rougher texture, which leads to stronger bonding due to greater adhesion. Angular aggregates with larger surface areas also enhance this bond. The bonding quality, however, is complex to assess as no universally accepted test exists. Good bonding is indicated when a crushed concrete specimen shows some aggregate...
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Preplaced aggregate concrete is ideal for construction environments that are not easily accessible. The process begins by properly wetting the gap-graded coarse aggregates to remove the dirt, then placing it in the form and compacting it. Voids are filled with a mortar mix pumped under pressure through slotted pipes. This mortar typically consists of Portland cement, pozzolan, fine aggregates, water, and a fluidizing aid. The pozzolan helps reduce bleeding and segregation while improving the...
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Bijels formed by direct mixing.

Dongyu Cai1, Paul S Clegg, Tao Li

  • 1School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, James Clerk Maxwell Building, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, UK. paul.clegg@ed.ac.uk.

Soft Matter
|July 6, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new method for creating stable bicontinuous interfacially jammed emulsion gels (bijels) using common industrial ingredients. This technique ensures long-term structural integrity by matching phase densities for diverse applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Colloid and Surface Chemistry

Background:

  • Bicontinuous interfacially jammed emulsion gels (bijels) are advanced materials with potential applications in various fields.
  • Traditional methods for bijel synthesis often involve complex procedures or specific material requirements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an alternative, robust strategy for creating bijels using readily available industrial components.
  • To investigate the role of interfacial nanoparticles and surfactants in stabilizing these structures.
  • To understand the factors influencing the long-term stability of bijels.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing high-viscosity immiscible liquids (glycerol and silicone oil) with interfacial nanoparticles (silica) and a molecular surfactant (CTAB).
  • Implementing a multi-step mixing protocol to control the arrangement of liquid domains.
  • Analyzing structural changes at microscopic and macroscopic levels over extended periods (months).
  • Adjusting phase densities by incorporating nanoparticle-stabilized droplets to enhance stability.

Main Results:

  • A novel method for bijel formation was successfully developed using common industrial ingredients.
  • The study demonstrated the dynamic relocation of nanoparticles from phases to interfaces during the mixing process.
  • Long-term structural stability was achieved by matching the densities of the two immiscible liquid phases.
  • The resulting bijels exhibit a tortuous arrangement of liquid domains.

Conclusions:

  • The developed strategy offers a practical approach to producing bijels from fully immiscible liquids.
  • The findings highlight the critical role of density matching for achieving long-term bijel stability.
  • This work opens avenues for the widespread application of bijels in various industrial sectors.