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TdT expression in normal and neoplastic sebaceous cells.

Sofia-Eleni Tzorakoleftheraki1, Alexandros Iliadis1, Ioannis Kostopoulos1

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Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) is expressed in sebaceous cells, both benign and malignant. This finding expands the known expression profile of TdT beyond lymphoid and neuroendocrine cells.

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TdTbasal cell carcinomasebaceous cell carcinomasebaceous glandsquamous cell carcinoma

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cell Biology
  • Dermatopathology

Background:

  • Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) is a DNA polymerase typically found in immature lymphoid and hematopoietic cells, as well as neuroendocrine carcinomas.
  • TdT expression has not been previously documented in epithelial cells.
  • Initial observations revealed TdT immunoreactivity in normal sebaceous glands.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the expression spectrum of TdT in sebaceous cell hyperplasia (SGH) and sebaceous cell neoplasms.
  • To determine if TdT is present in epithelial cells of sebaceous origin.

Main Methods:

  • Immunohistochemistry using a TdT antibody was performed on various sebaceous lesions, including SGH, sebaceoma, sebaceous adenoma, sebaceous naevus, and sebaceous cell carcinoma (SC).
  • Tissue microarrays of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were also analyzed for TdT expression.
  • Epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) immunostaining was used for carcinoma type confirmation.

Main Results:

  • All analyzed cases of SGH and sebaceous cell neoplasms exhibited positive TdT immunoreactivity.
  • TdT staining intensity varied, often appearing weak to moderate in a significant number of cells.
  • Sebaceous cell carcinoma and sebaceous naevus showed focal positivity in one case each.
  • Basal cell carcinomas were negative for TdT, and only one squamous cell carcinoma showed immunoreactivity.

Conclusions:

  • TdT protein is expressed in epithelial cells of sebaceous origin, encompassing both benign and malignant conditions.
  • The observed TdT expression may be linked to sebaceous cell differentiation, apoptosis, and holocrine secretion.
  • Further research is warranted to fully understand the biological role of TdT in sebaceous cells.