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Related Concept Videos

Toxicity Testing in Animals01:23

Toxicity Testing in Animals

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Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...
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Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Treatment Strategies01:26

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Treatment strategies for poisoning are a critical aspect of emergency medicine, focusing on preventing the absorption of toxins and enhancing their elimination. When a poisoning incident occurs, the first response is to halt exposure and decontaminate the patient, particularly through gastrointestinal (GI) methods if the poison was ingested.Gastrointestinal Decontamination Techniques:Activated charcoal is the cornerstone of GI decontamination. It works through adsorption, binding the toxin to...
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Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison01:14

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In cases of acute poisoning, the primary objective is to prevent further absorption of the toxic substance into the body. Immediate interventions using various decontamination techniques targeting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can achieve this. Decontamination is crucial to prevent poison from entering the systemic circulation, which involves washing affected areas with water and mild soap and removing contaminated clothing. Once external decontamination is done, attention must be turned to...
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Toxicokinetics: Overview01:21

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Studies that assess how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted (ADME) at toxic doses are termed toxicokinetics. Understanding toxicokinetics helps predict adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and manage toxicity in humans.Toxicokinetics differs from pharmacokinetics mainly in the dose levels studied, with toxicokinetics focusing on higher toxic doses. The kinetics at these levels can be non-linear due to altered physiological processes. Toxicodynamics examines the relationship...
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Enhanced Elimination of Poison01:26

Enhanced Elimination of Poison

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Poison can be effectively removed from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract through various decontamination procedures.
Antidotes serve a crucial role in counteracting the effects of poison by inhibiting enzymes responsible for producing harmful drug metabolites. In some cases, these toxic metabolites can be neutralized by endogenous cosubstrates, which are maintained at specific concentrations to prevent interaction with cellular macromolecules and subsequent cell death.
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Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios01:26

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios

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Pharmaceutical poisoning can occur through various channels, impacting an estimated 2 million hospitalized patients in the U.S. annually with serious adverse drug responses. These scenarios encompass both therapeutic uses, such as drug toxicity, where even standard dosages can lead to severe central nervous system depression, and non-therapeutic exposures, including accidental ingestion by children, and environmental and occupational exposures.Unintentional poisonings often involve exploratory...
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Good Practices in Forensic Toxicology.

Olaf H Drummer1

  • 1Department of Forensic Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.

Current Pharmaceutical Design
|July 6, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Implementing best practice in forensic toxicology requires careful consideration of specimen handling, validated analytical procedures, and expert interpretation of results. This ensures accurate toxicological analysis for investigations.

Keywords:
Specimenassay validationcollection protocolscontextual informationpharmacokineticsquality systemsredistribution

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Toxicology
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Forensic toxicology laboratories play a critical role in legal investigations.
  • Ensuring accuracy and reliability in toxicological analysis is paramount.
  • A comprehensive approach to best practices is needed for effective implementation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline essential factors for implementing best practice in forensic toxicology.
  • To guide laboratory professionals, investigators, and administrators.
  • To enhance the quality and interpretability of forensic toxicological data.

Main Methods:

  • Review of factors influencing specimen collection, transport, and chain-of-custody.
  • Emphasis on validated analytical procedures within quality management systems.
  • Discussion of interpretation of results considering case-specific circumstances.

Main Results:

  • Identification of key pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical considerations.
  • Highlighting the importance of staff training and laboratory accreditation.
  • Underscoring the need for contextual interpretation of toxicological findings.

Conclusions:

  • Adherence to best practices, from specimen handling to result interpretation, is crucial for reliable forensic toxicology.
  • Properly trained personnel, validated methods, and quality systems are fundamental.
  • Contextual interpretation, considering physiological and genetic factors, enhances the significance of toxicological results.