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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Immunotherapy-based combinations: current status and perspectives.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Immunotherapy, including ipilimumab and other immune checkpoint inhibitors, has improved survival in various cancers.
  • While effective, immunotherapy benefits only a subset of patients, necessitating novel treatment approaches.
  • Combination therapies are being explored to enhance durable responses in cancer patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current combination strategies in cancer immunotherapy research.
  • To highlight emerging treatments with the potential to become future standards of care.
  • To explore how combining different immune agents can overcome limitations of single-agent immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current clinical research on combination immunotherapy regimens.
  • Analysis of synergistic effects of combined immune agents.
  • Identification of key points in the cancer immune cycle targeted by combination therapies.

Main Results:

  • Combinatorial regimens can exhibit synergistic effects by targeting multiple stages of the cancer immune cycle.
  • These strategies enhance anticancer immunity from initiation to tumor cell killing.
  • Combination therapies offer a promising approach to improve treatment efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • Combination immunotherapy strategies are under active investigation.
  • These approaches are expected to represent the next wave of cancer treatments.
  • The reviewed strategies hold the potential to become a new standard of care.