Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Encoding01:19

Encoding

926
Information enters the brain through encoding, which is the input of information into the memory system. Once sensory information is received from the environment, the brain labels or codes it. The information is then organized with similar information and connected to existing concepts. Encoding occurs through automatic processing and effortful processing.
Automatic processing involves the encoding of details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words, usually done without conscious...
926
Framing Effects03:26

Framing Effects

8.0K
Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in...
8.0K
Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory01:22

Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory

640
Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of...
640
Chunking01:12

Chunking

459
Chunking is a powerful cognitive technique that improves short-term memory retention by organizing information into smaller, more manageable units. The brain, limited by working memory capacity, can more easily process and store information when it is divided into "chunks" rather than presented as discrete, unrelated elements. Chunking is especially useful when dealing with large amounts of information, such as numerical sequences, words, or complex ideas.
The principle behind chunking...
459
Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

866
Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
866
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

881
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
881

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Difference in glucose tolerance between phytophagous and insectivorous bats.

Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology·2019
Same author

Hybrid superconductor-atom quantum interface with Raman chirped shortcut to adiabatic passage.

Optics express·2019
Same author

GeTFEP: A general transfer free energy profile of transmembrane proteins.

Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society·2019
Same author

Plasma Homocysteine Level Is Associated with the Expanded Disability Status Scale in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder.

Neuroimmunomodulation·2019
Same author

Role of Plasma Calreticulin in the Prediction of Severity in Septic Patients.

Disease markers·2019
Same author

Mating yeast cells use an intrinsic polarity site to assemble a pheromone-gradient tracking machine.

The Journal of cell biology·2019

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 27, 2026

Examining Online Syntactic Processing of Spoken Complex Sentences in Chinese Using Dual-Modal Interference Tasks
08:32

Examining Online Syntactic Processing of Spoken Complex Sentences in Chinese Using Dual-Modal Interference Tasks

Published on: September 5, 2019

6.0K

Focus encoding and prosodic structure in Shanghai Chinese.

Bijun Ling1, Jie Liang1

  • 1Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China lingbijun@icloud.com, liangjie56@163.net.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
|July 7, 2017
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals how Shanghai Chinese sandhi rules affect speech sounds. Contrastive focus impacts tone, duration, and intensity differently in left- and right-dominant sandhis, influencing prosodic structure.

More Related Videos

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language
09:27

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language

Published on: October 13, 2018

10.8K
Comparing the Frequency Effect Between the Lexical Decision and Naming Tasks in Chinese
08:08

Comparing the Frequency Effect Between the Lexical Decision and Naming Tasks in Chinese

Published on: April 1, 2016

9.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 27, 2026

Examining Online Syntactic Processing of Spoken Complex Sentences in Chinese Using Dual-Modal Interference Tasks
08:32

Examining Online Syntactic Processing of Spoken Complex Sentences in Chinese Using Dual-Modal Interference Tasks

Published on: September 5, 2019

6.0K
Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language
09:27

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language

Published on: October 13, 2018

10.8K
Comparing the Frequency Effect Between the Lexical Decision and Naming Tasks in Chinese
08:08

Comparing the Frequency Effect Between the Lexical Decision and Naming Tasks in Chinese

Published on: April 1, 2016

9.8K

Area of Science:

  • Phonetics and Phonology
  • Linguistics
  • Sociolinguistics

Background:

  • Understanding prosodic structure is key to analyzing tonal languages.
  • Sandhi, a phonological process, significantly alters speech patterns.
  • Shanghai Chinese presents unique left- and right-dominant sandhi variations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the phonetic effects of contrastive focus on F0, duration, and intensity.
  • To analyze how left- and right-dominant sandhis in Shanghai Chinese interact with focus.
  • To elucidate the relationship between focus encoding and prosodic structure.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of disyllabic groups in Shanghai Chinese.
  • Examination of phonetic parameters: F0, duration, and intensity.
  • Comparison of phonetic patterns under contrastive focus in different sandhi types.

Main Results:

  • Left-dominant sandhi exhibits tone rightward spreading, forming a prosodic word.
  • Right-dominant sandhi shows phonetic reduction, creating a prosodic phrase.
  • Focus-induced F0 adjustments differ between the two sandhi types, indicating focus encoding via prosody.

Conclusions:

  • Left- and right-dominant sandhis in Shanghai Chinese have distinct prosodic and phonetic characteristics.
  • Focus is encoded through prosodic structure, with variations based on sandhi type.
  • This research deepens the understanding of sandhi, focus, and prosody in tonal languages.