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Updated: Feb 27, 2026

A Mobile Outside-in Technique of Transforaminal Lumbar Endoscopy for Lumbar Disc Herniations
Published on: August 7, 2018
M Elske van den Akker-van Marle1, Patrick A Brouwer1,2, Ronald Brand1
11 Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
Percutaneous laser disc decompression (PLDD) is cheaper than surgery for lumbar disc herniation, offering lower healthcare costs. While economically neutral from a societal view, PLDD shows cost-effectiveness for lower willingness-to-pay thresholds.
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