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Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

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Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
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The orderly progression of the cell cycle depends on the activation of Cdk protein by binding to its cyclin partner. However, the cell cycle must be restricted when undergoing abnormal changes. Most cancers correlate to the deregulated cell cycle, and since Cdks are a central component of the cell cycle, Cdk inhibitors are extensively studied to develop anticancer agents. For instance, cyclin D associates with several Cdks, such as Cdk 4/6, to form an active complex. The cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complex...
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Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
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Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Using Mouse Mammary Tumor Cells to Teach Core Biology Concepts: A Simple Lab Module
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Curcumin mediates anticancer effects by modulating multiple cell signaling pathways.

Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara1, Devivasha Bordoloi2, Choudhary Harsha2

  • 1Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, India bbaggarwal@gmail.com kunnumakkara@iitg.ernet.in.

Clinical Science (London, England : 1979)
|July 7, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Curcumin, a natural polyphenol from turmeric, shows significant anticancer potential by modulating cell signaling pathways. It enhances the effectiveness of cancer therapies like chemotherapy and radiation.

Keywords:
CancerCurcuminMolecular targetSignaling pathways

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Area of Science:

  • * Molecular Biology
  • * Pharmacology
  • * Natural Products Chemistry

Background:

  • * Curcumin, a polyphenol derived from *Curcuma longa* (turmeric), was first isolated in 1815.
  • * Known for diverse bioactivities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects.
  • * Chemical structure identified as diferuloylmethane.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To review the anticancer potential of curcumin.
  • * To explore its molecular mechanisms through cell signaling pathway modulation.
  • * To discuss preclinical and clinical findings on curcumin's anti-cancer effects.

Main Methods:

  • * Comprehensive literature review of preclinical and clinical studies.
  • * Analysis of curcumin's interactions with various molecular targets.
  • * Examination of its role in modulating cell signaling pathways relevant to cancer.

Main Results:

  • * Curcumin modulates diverse cellular targets including transcription factors, cytokines, enzymes, kinases, and growth factors.
  • * It exhibits anticancer effects by regulating tumor cell growth and potentiating chemotherapy and radiation.
  • * Curcumin interacts with targets similar to those of FDA-approved cancer drugs.

Conclusions:

  • * Curcumin possesses significant anticancer properties mediated by complex molecular interactions.
  • * Its ability to modulate multiple cell signaling pathways highlights its therapeutic potential.
  • * Further research into curcumin's molecular basis could lead to novel cancer treatment strategies.