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Optimized Bone Sampling Protocols for the Retrieval of Ancient DNA from Archaeological Remains
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Proteomic profiling of archaeological human bone.

Rikai Sawafuji1,2, Enrico Cappellini3, Tomohito Nagaoka4

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.

Royal Society Open Science
|July 7, 2017
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Summary

Ancient bone proteomics reveals insights into past human health. Analysis of Edo-era rib bones identified proteins suggesting infectious diseases and age-related physiological changes.

Keywords:
age-related changesarchaeological boneimmune systemmass spectrometryproteomics

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Area of Science:

  • Paleoproteomics
  • Archaeological Science
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Ancient protein analysis offers a window into past human life and diseases.
  • Proteomics enables the study of ancient biological samples, providing molecular insights.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct shotgun proteomics on ancient human rib bones for the first time.
  • To analyze proteomic data from the Hitotsubashi site (Edo period) for health indicators.

Main Methods:

  • Shotgun proteomics was performed on human rib bones from AD 1657-1683.
  • Gene Ontology and label-free quantification were used for data analysis.
  • Leucocyte-derived proteins and eosinophil peroxidase were specifically identified.

Main Results:

  • Leucocyte-derived proteins were detected, potentially from bone marrow.
  • High expression of eosinophil peroxidase suggests infectious diseases, consistent with Edo period conditions.
  • Age-dependent proteome differences were observed, including alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein's correlation with age.

Conclusions:

  • Ancient protein analysis is a valuable tool for understanding past physiological and pathological states.
  • Proteomics can reveal evidence of infectious diseases and developmental changes in ancient populations.
  • This study demonstrates the potential of paleoproteomics to reconstruct health profiles from archaeological remains.