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Oropharyngeal candidiasis in children with lymphohematopoietic malignancies in Mashhad, Iran

F Berenji1, N Zabolinejad2, Z Badiei3

  • 1Professor of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

Current Medical Mycology
|July 7, 2017
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Oropharyngeal candidiasis is common in children with cancer. This study found Candida species are frequent fungal pathogens in these patients, highlighting non-Candida albicans as a new risk factor.

Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pediatric Oncology

Background:

  • Fungal infections, particularly from Candida species, are increasingly recognized as significant nosocomial infections in hospitalized patients.
  • Oropharyngeal candidiasis remains a prevalent concern for immunocompromised individuals, especially those with underlying malignancies.
  • Pediatric patients with lymphohematopoietic malignancies are particularly susceptible to opportunistic fungal infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the incidence and spectrum of oropharyngeal candidiasis in pediatric patients diagnosed with lymphohematopoietic malignancies.
  • To compare the prevalence of Candida species in children with cancer versus healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • Direct sampling of the oropharyngeal cavity was performed on 102 pediatric cancer patients and 50 healthy controls.
  • Specimens were analyzed using direct microscopy with 10% potassium hydroxide and Gram staining.
  • Culture on Sabouraud dextrose agar was employed for definitive identification and speciation of Candida isolates.

Main Results:

  • Candida species were identified as the predominant fungal pathogens in the pediatric cancer patient group.
  • Candida albicans was the most frequently isolated species (31%), followed by other non-Candida albicans species (14.7%), Candida glabrata (6.8%), and Candida krusei (0.98%).
  • In the control group, Candida albicans (8%) and other non-Candida albicans species (10%) were most common.

Conclusions:

  • Candida species represent a significant etiological agent of oropharyngeal infections in pediatric cancer patients.
  • The findings underscore the importance of considering non-Candida albicans species as emerging risk factors in this vulnerable population.
  • Preventive strategies against fungemia and fungal pneumonia are crucial, necessitating a broader consideration of fungal pathogens beyond C. albicans.
Keywords:
CandidaHematopoietic MalignanciesOral candidiasis

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