Platelet RNA signatures for the detection of cancer
Nik Sol1,2, Thomas Wurdinger3,4,5
1Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. ni.sol@vumc.nl.
Abstract:
Platelets are equipped with RNA processing machineries, such as pre-mRNA splicing, pre-miRNA processing, and mRNA translation. Since platelets are devoid of a nucleus, most RNA transcripts in platelets are derived from megakaryocytes during thrombocytogenesis. However, platelets can also ingest RNA molecules during circulation and/or interaction with other cell types. Since platelets were first described by Bizzozero in 1881, their well-established role in hemostasis and thrombosis has been intensively studied. However, in the past decades, the list of biological processes in which platelets play an important role keeps expanding. In this review, we discuss how platelet RNA biomarker signatures can be altered in the presence of cancer.
Insights
Platelets contain RNA processing machinery and can acquire RNA from external sources. This review explores how cancer influences platelet RNA biomarker signatures.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Molecular Biology
- Oncology
Background:
- Platelets possess RNA processing capabilities, including pre-mRNA splicing, pre-miRNA processing, and mRNA translation.
- Most platelet RNA originates from megakaryocytes, but platelets can also internalize RNA from circulation or other cells.
- While traditionally known for hemostasis and thrombosis, platelets' roles in other biological processes are increasingly recognized.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the alterations in platelet RNA biomarker signatures associated with cancer.
- To highlight the expanding roles of platelets beyond hemostasis.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies investigating platelet RNA.
- Analysis of how cancer affects platelet RNA content and processing.
Main Results:
- Platelet RNA signatures are dynamic and can be modified by the presence of cancer.
- Platelets' involvement in biological processes extends beyond their established roles.
Conclusions:
- Platelet RNA biomarkers show potential for cancer detection or monitoring.
- Further research into platelet biology is warranted to understand their full range of functions, particularly in cancer.
