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Extravasation injury in a paediatric population.
Adrian D Murphy1, Robert F Gilmour1, Chris J Coombs1
1Department of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
ANZ Journal of Surgery
|July 7, 2017
Summary
Extravasation injuries in children, especially neonates, can cause severe tissue damage. Prompt plastic surgery consultation and treatment are crucial to minimize long-term harm and improve outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Surgery
- Neonatal Care
- Wound Management
Background:
- Extravasation, or drug leakage outside the vein, can cause tissue necrosis and morbidity.
- Neonates in intensive care units are highly susceptible, with up to 70% experiencing extravasation injuries.
- Plastic surgery is frequently involved in managing these pediatric injuries.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the incidence, agents, treatments, and outcomes of extravasation injuries in children.
- To identify risk factors and inform management strategies for pediatric extravasation.
Main Methods:
- Prospective data collection over 18 months at a children's hospital.
- Inclusion of all extravasation injuries referred to the plastic surgery department.
- Documentation of the causative agent, treatment interventions, and patient outcomes.
Main Results:
- 43 extravasation injuries were recorded and managed by plastic surgery.
- 11% of patients (5/43) required surgical washout.
- 7% of patients (3/43) experienced significant tissue necrosis, delayed healing, and prolonged morbidity.
Conclusions:
- Infants in intensive care settings are at higher risk for extravasation injuries.
- Early referral and intervention are key to reducing tissue loss and morbidity.
- Optimizing management of pediatric extravasation can prevent severe complications.
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