Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

748
Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of...
748
Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management01:26

Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management

279
IntroductionNephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder marked by excessive protein loss in the urine, leading to various systemic complications. This condition often results from damage to the glomeruli—the kidney's filtering units—causing proteinuria, low blood protein levels, and fluid retention. Understanding the assessment, diagnosis, and management of nephrotic syndrome is essential for effective treatment and prevention of further kidney damage.AssessmentPatient History: Document...
279
Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

768
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
768
Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

1.3K
Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
1.3K
Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

1.1K
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
1.1K
Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction

917
Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
917

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Lipoprotein(a) and Cardiovascular Risk: Emerging Therapeutic Perspectives with Implications for Chronic Kidney Disease.

Cardiorenal medicine·2026
Same author

Unsolved Issues in Managing CKD-Associated Osteoporosis: Myths, Facts, and Clinical Grey Zones.

Kidney360·2026
Same author

Allopurinol and Alkaline Phosphatase Levels in Patients with Non-Dialysis CKD.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026
Same author

New insights into the management of secondary hyperparathyroidism in non-dialysis dependent chronic kidney disease: extended release calcifediol.

Journal of nephrology·2026
Same author

Modeling Longitudinal Relationships Between CKD-MBD Biomarker Trajectories with Interpretable Machine Learning in a Large Prospective CKD Cohort.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026
Same author

Circulating α-Klotho and Multidimensional Aging and Frailty Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis from the European Renal Association CKD-MBD Working Group.

Calcified tissue international·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 27, 2026

Induction of Nephrotic Syndrome in Mice by Retrobulbar Injection of Doxorubicin and Prevention of Volume Retention by Sustained Release Aprotinin
07:38

Induction of Nephrotic Syndrome in Mice by Retrobulbar Injection of Doxorubicin and Prevention of Volume Retention by Sustained Release Aprotinin

Published on: May 6, 2018

8.9K

[Hepato-renal syndrome].

Luca Di Lullo1, Claudio Ronco2, Vincenzo Barbera1

  • 1U.O.C. Nefrologia e Dialisi, Ospedale L. Parodi Delfino, Colleferro, Rome, Italy.

Giornale Italiano Di Nefrologia : Organo Ufficiale Della Societa Italiana Di Nefrologia
|July 7, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Hepatic and kidney failure, known as Hepato-Renal Syndrome (HRS), often occur together. While kidney damage in end-stage liver disease is reversible, patient outcomes remain poor, highlighting the need for liver transplantation.

Keywords:
dialysisliver failureliver transplantationrenal failure

More Related Videos

5/6th Nephrectomy in Combination with High Salt Diet and Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition to Induce Chronic Kidney Disease in the Lewis Rat
08:50

5/6th Nephrectomy in Combination with High Salt Diet and Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition to Induce Chronic Kidney Disease in the Lewis Rat

Published on: July 3, 2013

24.5K
Modeling Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury in Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells
06:23

Modeling Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury in Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells

Published on: November 21, 2025

563

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 27, 2026

Induction of Nephrotic Syndrome in Mice by Retrobulbar Injection of Doxorubicin and Prevention of Volume Retention by Sustained Release Aprotinin
07:38

Induction of Nephrotic Syndrome in Mice by Retrobulbar Injection of Doxorubicin and Prevention of Volume Retention by Sustained Release Aprotinin

Published on: May 6, 2018

8.9K
5/6th Nephrectomy in Combination with High Salt Diet and Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition to Induce Chronic Kidney Disease in the Lewis Rat
08:50

5/6th Nephrectomy in Combination with High Salt Diet and Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition to Induce Chronic Kidney Disease in the Lewis Rat

Published on: July 3, 2013

24.5K
Modeling Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury in Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells
06:23

Modeling Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury in Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells

Published on: November 21, 2025

563

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Hepatology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Hepatic and kidney failure are closely interconnected, a condition known as Hepato-Renal Syndrome (HRS).
  • Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a recognized complication in patients with liver or biliary tract diseases.
  • The precise pathophysiology of HRS remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the biological pathways contributing to kidney abnormalities in end-stage liver disease.
  • To highlight the poor prognosis associated with HRS despite the potentially reversible nature of kidney dysfunction.
  • To emphasize liver transplantation as the definitive treatment for HRS.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current understanding of kidney abnormalities in end-stage liver disease.
  • Analysis of biological pathways implicated in HRS pathophysiology.
  • Evaluation of patient outcomes and treatment efficacy.

Main Results:

  • Established knowledge of biological pathways involved in kidney abnormalities in end-stage liver disease patients.
  • Recognition of poor patient prognosis and adverse outcomes in HRS.
  • Identification of liver transplantation as the ultimate therapeutic option.

Conclusions:

  • The link between hepatic and kidney failure (HRS) is significant, with AKI being a common complication.
  • Despite reversible kidney involvement, HRS patients face a poor prognosis.
  • Liver transplantation offers the best outcome for patients suffering from HRS.