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Related Concept Videos

Other Disorders of Digestive System01:30

Other Disorders of Digestive System

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The gastrointestinal tract is susceptible to various disorders. If the lower esophageal sphincter is damaged, stomach acid can flow back into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation of the lining. This condition is called gastroesophageal reflux disease (known as heartburn) and may cause chest pain and difficulty swallowing. In the stomach, prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like aspirin, chronic alcohol consumption, bacterial infections such as Helicobacter...
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Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

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Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not...
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Gallbladder01:17

Gallbladder

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The gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ that plays a crucial role in our digestive system. Measuring about 10 cm in length, it is comparable in size to a kiwi fruit and is located in a hollow area on the lower surface of the liver. The gallbladder's primary function is to store and concentrate bile, a fluid produced by the liver that aids in digestion.
The gallbladder's anatomy consists of three regions: the fundus, body, and neck. Extending from the neck, the cystic duct joins...
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Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders01:20

Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders

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Gastrointestinal or GI motility disorders are characterized by irregular gastrointestinal tract movements, disrupting food transit from the mouth to the anus. They are caused by damage or dysfunction in gut muscles or nerves. These disorders can cause symptoms such as severe constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and swallowing difficulties. Disorders can affect any segment of the GI tract and range widely in severity, from common conditions like GERD to life-threatening conditions like...
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Gastritis-I: Introduction and Types01:27

Gastritis-I: Introduction and Types

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Gastritis, defined by the inflammation or irritation of the stomach lining or gastric mucosa, manifests in several distinct forms: acute, chronic, reactive, and a specific subtype known as autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis.
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Gastritis III: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:23

Gastritis III: Clinical Manifestations and Management

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The clinical manifestations of gastritis can vary depending on the cause and type of gastritis, but some common symptoms may include the following.
Clinical manifestations of acute gastritis
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 27, 2026

Application of Laparoscopic Ultrasonography in Primary Choledochal Suture during Combined Two-lens Surgery
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Upper Gastrointestinal Conditions: Gallbladder Conditions.

Ku-Lang Chang1, David S Estores2

  • 1University of Florida Department of Community of Health and Family Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Road Suite N107, Gainesville, FL 32610-3001.

FP Essentials
|July 7, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Symptomatic gallstones and large gallbladder polyps often require surgical treatment. Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy for cholecystitis reduces complications and costs, while polyps over 1 cm warrant removal due to cancer risk.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Surgical Oncology
  • Abdominal Imaging

Background:

  • Gallstones are common, with treatment decisions based on symptoms.
  • Gallbladder polyps are frequently incidental findings.
  • Malignant transformation risk for polyps is linked to specific patient and polyp characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline current management strategies for gallstones and gallbladder polyps.
  • To identify risk factors for malignant transformation of gallbladder polyps.
  • To emphasize the benefits of timely surgical intervention for symptomatic gallbladder disease.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical guidelines and literature on gallstone and gallbladder polyp management.
  • Analysis of risk factors associated with gallbladder polyp malignancy.
  • Evaluation of outcomes for laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute cholecystitis.

Main Results:

  • Asymptomatic gallstones generally do not require intervention.
  • Laparoscopic cholecystectomy within 24 hours of admission for uncomplicated cholecystitis improves outcomes.
  • Polyps >1 cm, or those with specific features (age >50, thickened wall, adenomatous, sessile, rapid growth), necessitate cholecystectomy due to malignancy risk.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt surgical intervention is key for symptomatic gallstones and concerning gallbladder polyps.
  • Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the standard for acute cholecystitis.
  • Careful evaluation and management are crucial for gallbladder polyps to prevent malignant progression.