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Social norm perception in groups with outliers.

Jennifer E Dannals1, Dale T Miller1

  • 1Department of Organizational Behavior, Stanford University Graduate School of Business.

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Social outliers significantly influence group perceptions by causing observers to overweight their behavior when judging group norms. This effect lessens as outliers become more extreme, shifting perceptions toward the outlier’s actions.

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Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Group Dynamics
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Social outliers attract significant attention, yet their impact on group perception remains understudied.
  • Understanding how outliers shape perceptions of group norms is crucial for social psychology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how social outliers influence observers' perceptions of group behavior.
  • To examine the effect of outliers on inferences about descriptive and prescriptive group norms.

Main Methods:

  • Four studies involving 1,718 participants were conducted.
  • Participants evaluated social norms (punctuality, clothing formality) in groups with varying degrees of outliers.
  • Outliers included both descriptively and prescriptively deviant individuals.

Main Results:

  • Observers consistently overweight outlier behavior when assessing group norms.
  • The overweighting effect diminishes as outliers become more extreme, particularly for prescriptive norms.
  • Moderate outliers shift group perceptions towards their behavior due to anchoring and adjustment biases.

Conclusions:

  • Social outliers significantly distort perceptions of group norms, especially moderate ones.
  • Observers' judgments of group behavior are disproportionately influenced by extreme or unusual actions.
  • The findings highlight the cognitive mechanisms underlying social norm perception in the presence of deviance.