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Hela El Kafsi1, Guy Gorochov2, Martin Larsen2

  • 1Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris UMRS1135), Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Paris, France.

Biologie Aujourd'Hui
|July 7, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Organism fitness relies on host defenses and beneficial microbes. Genetic co-evolution shapes host-microbiota interactions, crucial for immunity and nutrient uptake, impacting chronic inflammatory diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Multicellular organism evolution is driven by environmental challenges and the need for symbiotic interactions.
  • Microbiota play dual roles, causing disease and facilitating nutrient uptake and immune development.
  • Organism fitness depends on host defenses and the ability to benefit from symbiotic microbes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the intricate associations between host genetics, microbiota, and the immune system.
  • To explore the genetic co-evolution underlying host-microbiota symbiosis.
  • To identify microbial taxa interacting with both host genetics and immunity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of microbial interactions with host genetics and immunity in murine and human microbiomes.
  • Taxonomic analysis of microbes exhibiting dual host genetic and immune interactions.

    • Main Results:

    • Genome-wide association studies reveal stringent genetic co-evolution between hosts and their microbiota.
    • A subset of microbes interacts with both host genetics and immunity.
    • Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Akkermansia are key bacterial genera demonstrating these dual interactions.
    • Microbes with dual connections are taxonomically related.

    Conclusions:

    • Host-microbiota symbiosis is a product of genetic co-evolution.
    • Future therapies for chronic inflammatory diseases require consideration of host immune and genetic factors alongside microbiota homeostasis.
    • Targeting microbiota for therapeutic benefit necessitates a holistic approach integrating host genetics and immunity.