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Nicolas Ramoz1, Julia Clarke2, Philip Gorwood3

  • 1INSERM U894, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences (CPN), Université Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.

Biologie Aujourd'Hui
|July 7, 2017
PubMed
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Genetic factors significantly contribute to eating disorders (EDs), including anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Emerging research also points to epigenetic signatures, such as DNA methylation, playing a role in ED development.

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Genetics
  • Neurobiology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Eating disorders (EDs) are complex psychiatric conditions characterized by pathological disruptions in food intake.
  • Major EDs include anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorder (BED), as defined by the DSM-5.
  • The neurobiological underpinnings of food intake are well-established.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the genetic and epigenetic factors contributing to the vulnerability of developing eating disorders.
  • To identify specific genes and biological pathways implicated in the etiology of EDs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological studies on heritability of AN and BN.
  • Analysis of candidate genes (e.g., BDNF, ESR1) associated with AN.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Examination of recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in large patient cohorts.
  • Preliminary investigation of DNA methylation patterns in relation to EDs.

    • Main Results:

    • High heritability estimates for AN (approx. 70%) and BN (approx. 60%) indicate significant genetic influence.
    • Specific genes like BDNF and ESR1 have been linked to AN.
    • GWAS have identified novel candidate genes potentially involved in ED pathogenesis.
    • Preliminary findings suggest an association between DNA methylation patterns and EDs.

    Conclusions:

    • Genetic factors play a substantial role in the predisposition to eating disorders.
    • Epigenetic modifications, particularly DNA methylation, represent a promising area for future ED research.
    • Further investigation into the interplay of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms is crucial for understanding ED etiology.