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Buspirone: anxiolytic?

J C Pecknold, P Familamiri, H Chang

    Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry
    |January 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
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    This study compared buspirone, diazepam, and placebo for generalized anxiety disorder. Diazepam showed early benefits, while buspirone demonstrated later efficacy, with fewer withdrawal symptoms than diazepam.

    Area of Science:

    • Psychiatry
    • Clinical Psychology
    • Pharmacology

    Background:

    • Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a common psychiatric condition.
    • Effective pharmacological treatments are crucial for managing GAD symptoms.
    • Buspirone and diazepam are established anxiolytic medications with different mechanisms of action.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare the efficacy and safety of buspirone, diazepam, and placebo in treating out-patients with generalized anxiety disorder.
    • To assess the onset and duration of therapeutic effects for each medication.
    • To evaluate adverse effects and withdrawal symptoms associated with buspirone and diazepam.

    Main Methods:

    • A 4-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
    • Sixty out-patients diagnosed with DSM III generalized anxiety disorder participated.

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  • Treatments included buspirone, diazepam, and placebo, followed by abrupt withdrawal or a 2-week placebo period.

    • Main Results:

    • The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) scores were significantly lower in the diazepam group at week 2 (p<0.02) and the buspirone group at week 3 (p<0.04) compared to placebo.
    • These efficacy patterns were more pronounced in female participants.
    • Buspirone's most common side effect was dizziness; diazepam caused more sedation, fatigue, dizziness, and impaired concentration. Withdrawal symptoms were more evident with diazepam.

    Conclusions:

    • Both buspirone and diazepam demonstrate efficacy in treating generalized anxiety disorder, with differing onset of action.
    • Diazepam offers quicker symptom relief but is associated with more adverse effects and withdrawal symptoms.
    • Buspirone provides a potentially safer alternative with a later onset of action and fewer withdrawal issues.