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Pelvic Actinomycosis
Alejandra García-García1, Ninfa Ramírez-Durán1, Horacio Sandoval-Trujillo2
1Laboratory of Medical and Environmental Microbiology, Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, 50180 Toluca, MEX, Mexico.
Summary
Pelvic actinomycosis, a chronic bacterial infection, often mimics other serious conditions, leading to delayed diagnosis. Early consideration in differential diagnoses is crucial for effective management.
Area of Science:
- Gynecology
- Infectious Diseases
- Microbiology
Background:
- Actinomycosis is a chronic bacterial infection caused by *Actinomyces*.
- It presents with symptoms mimicking pelvic tumors, tuberculosis, or nocardiosis, leading to abscesses and fistulas.
- This opportunistic infection requires altered mucous barriers and lacks epidemiological data on prevalence and incidence.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and update information on pelvic actinomycosis cases globally.
- To analyze clinical presentations, diagnostic methods, and outcomes of pelvic actinomycosis.
Main Methods:
- A systematic review of worldwide pelvic actinomycosis cases from 1980 to 2014.
- Literature search conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar.
- Analysis of case reports focusing on diagnosis, IUD use, and treatment.
Main Results:
- 63 articles were identified, including 55 case reports and 8 cross-sectional studies.
- Data on year, country, IUD use, initial/final diagnoses, and diagnostic methods were analyzed.
Conclusions:
- Pelvic actinomycosis presents diagnostic challenges and should be included in the differential diagnosis of chronic pelvic inflammatory lesions.
- Histological reports, often post-surgery, are common for diagnosis due to initial misdiagnosis.
- Bacterial culture in anaerobic medium is a potential diagnostic tool but requires specialized techniques and equipment.
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