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Memory for conversation and the development of common ground.

Geoffrey L McKinley1, Sarah Brown-Schmidt2,3,4, Aaron S Benjamin2,3

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 603 E. Daniel St., Champaign, IL, 61820, USA. mckinle2@illinois.edu.

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Efficient conversation relies on shared knowledge, or common ground. This study found that developing common ground improves memory for conversation details and speaker roles, with spoken content remembered best.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive psychology
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Communication studies

Background:

  • Efficient conversation depends on mutual knowledge, or common ground, between interlocutors.
  • Common ground is theoretically linked to memory for conversational content (item memory) and conversational context (context memory).
  • Few studies have empirically investigated the relationship between memory types and common ground development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the relationship between item and context memory and the development of common ground.
  • To investigate how speaker and listener roles influence memory for conversational information.
  • To understand the impact of conversational processes on memory for discussed content.

Main Methods:

  • Participants engaged in conversations.
  • Item memory (what was said) and context memory (who said what to whom) were assessed.
  • The development of common ground was measured throughout the conversations.

Main Results:

  • The development of common ground was positively correlated with both item and context memory.
  • Information that was spoken was recalled more effectively than information that was heard.
  • Conversational roles (speaker vs. listener) influenced memory recall.

Conclusions:

  • Developing common ground enhances memory for both the content and context of conversations.
  • Memory assessments provide valuable insights into the cognitive underpinnings of effective communication.
  • Forming common ground not only aids present communication but also creates a lasting record for future interactions.