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Related Concept Videos

Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model01:09

Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model

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Various dissolution theories provide insight into the factors that influence the dissolution rate. Danckwerts' Model suggests that turbulence, rather than a stagnant layer, characterizes the dissolution medium at the solid-liquid interface. In this model, the agitated solvent contains macroscopic packets that move to the interface via eddy currents, facilitating the absorption and delivery of the drug to the bulk solution. The regular replenishment of solvent packets maintains the...
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Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model01:15

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Dissolution, the process by which drug particles dissolve in a solvent, is explained by the diffusion layer model, a theoretical framework that simulates the absorption of oral drugs and allows us to analyze experimental data.
This process starts with a thin layer, saturated with the drug, forming at the interface between the solid and liquid. The solute then diffuses from this layer into the main solution. The Noyes-Whitney equation suggests that the rate of dissolution relies on the diffusion...
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Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area01:23

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Dissolution kinetics, an essential aspect of oral drug delivery, is significantly influenced by the drug's particle size. According to the Noyes-Whitney dissolution model, the dissolution rate correlates directly with the drug's surface area. The larger the surface area, the higher the drug's solubility in water, leading to a faster drug dissolution rate. Reducing particle size increases the effective surface area, enhancing the dissolution process. Micronization and nanosizing are...
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The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, a process that occurs under specified conditions without energy from some external source.
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Alternative drug dissolution methods include the rotating bottle, intrinsic dissolution test, peristalsis, and the Franz diffusion cell method. The rotating bottle method involves meticulously rotating tightly capped controlled-release beads in a temperature-controlled bath. Periodic decanting of samples allows for residue assay, followed by refilling with fresh medium and testing at various pH levels to emulate the gastrointestinal tract conditions.In contrast, the intrinsic dissolution test...
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Solution Equilibrium and Saturation01:59

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Imagine adding a small amount of sugar to a glass of water, stirring until all the sugar has dissolved, and then adding a bit more. You can repeat this process until the sugar concentration of the solution reaches its natural limit, a limit determined primarily by the relative strengths of the solute-solute, solute-solvent, and solvent-solvent attractive forces. You can be certain that you have reached this limit because, no matter how long you stir the solution, undissolved sugar remains. The...
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Continuous Flow Chemistry: Reaction of Diphenyldiazomethane with p-Nitrobenzoic Acid
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Enhanced steady-state dissolution flux in reactive convective dissolution.

V Loodts1, B Knaepen, L Rongy

  • 1Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Faculté des Sciences, Nonlinear Physical Chemistry Unit, CP231, 1050 Brussels, Belgium. adewit@ulb.ac.be.

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Summary

Chemical reactions significantly influence dissolution-driven convection. Depending on reaction speed, they alter fluid dynamics, enhance dissolution flux, and intensify convection, crucial for CO2 sequestration safety.

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Area of Science:

  • Geochemistry
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Dissolution-driven convection is key in multiphase systems.
  • Chemical reactions impact fluid density and stratification dynamics.
  • Understanding reactive transport is vital for geological storage applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To numerically analyze reactive convective dissolution dynamics.
  • To investigate the influence of chemical reactions on fluid phase behavior.
  • To determine the impact of reaction rates on dissolution flux and convection intensity.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical analysis of reactive convective dissolution.
  • Simulation of a phase A dissolving into a host layer with reactant B.
  • Analysis of the A + B → C reaction in solution.

Main Results:

  • Reaction dynamics vary with chemical species' Rayleigh numbers.
  • Spatial distributions of species A, B, and C differ based on reaction effects.
  • Chemical reactions can enhance steady-state flux and induce more intense convection.

Conclusions:

  • Chemical reactions significantly alter dissolution-driven convection patterns.
  • Enhanced convection and flux due to reactions are critical for CO2 sequestration.
  • Quantifying these reactive transport effects is essential for assessing storage efficiency and safety.