[Impulsivity as an immediate factor between addictive disorders and Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder]

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Psychiatry
• Behavioral Science

Background:

• Impulsivity is a common behavior but can become pathological in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and addictive disorders.
• Impulsive acts and choices are observed in ADHD and addiction, with potential genetic underpinnings.
• Impulsive choice, or delay discounting, may serve as an endophenotype for disorders characterized by high impulsivity.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the multifaceted role of impulsivity in the dual diagnosis of ADHD and addictive disorders.
• To examine the relationship between impulsivity and conditions such as substance use disorders and gambling disorder.
• To highlight the importance of assessing impulsivity in clinical settings for patients with ADHD or addictive disorders.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing research on impulsivity in ADHD and addictive disorders.
• Analysis of theoretical frameworks, including reward-deficiency syndrome and endophenotype concepts.
• Examination of correlations between impulsivity measures and disorder severity, including gambling disorder and substance use.
• Investigation of neurobiological correlates, such as neurotransmitter system abnormalities.

Main Results:

• Impulsivity is a shared characteristic linking ADHD with addictive disorders, including gambling disorder.
• Genetic factors and delay discounting may contribute to vulnerability to impulsivity-related disorders.
• Conflicting views exist regarding the etiology of impulsivity in substance use disorders (preceding or following use).
• Abnormalities in neurotransmitter systems are observed in both gambling addiction and impulsive behavior.

Conclusions:

• Impulsivity appears to be a personality trait rather than a transient behavior in individuals with gambling disorder.
• ADHD may mediate the development of addictive behaviors, particularly gambling, through impulsivity.
• Assessing impulsivity and potential comorbidities is essential for effective treatment of individuals with ADHD and/or addictive disorders.