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Dissecting Innate Immune Signaling in Viral Evasion of Cytokine Production
Published on: March 2, 2014
Virus-Triggered ATP Release Limits Viral Replication through Facilitating IFN-β Production in a P2X7-Dependent Manner
Chengfei Zhang1, Hongwang He1, Li Wang1
1Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; and.
Abstract:
Accumulating evidence shows that innate immune responses are associated with extracellular nucleotides, particularly ATP. In this article, we demonstrate extensive protection of ATP/P2X7 signaling in a host against viral infection. Interestingly, we observed a significant increase in ATP as a danger signal in vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-infected cell supernatant and VSV-infected mice in an exocytosis- and pannexin channel-dependent manner. Furthermore, extracellular ATP reduces the replication of VSV, Newcastle disease virus, murine leukemia virus, and HSV in vivo and in vitro through the P2X7 receptor. Meanwhile, ATP significantly increases IFN-β expression in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Mechanistically, ATP facilitates IFN-β secretion through P38/JNK/ATF-2 signaling pathways, which are crucial in promoting antiviral immunity. Taken together, these results demonstrate the protective role of extracellular ATP and P2X7 in viral infection and suggest a potential therapeutic role for ATP/P2X7 in viral diseases.
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