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Related Concept Videos

Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

629
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a valvular heart disorder in which the mitral valve fails to close tightly, allowing blood to leak backward into the heart. Understanding the clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic findings, and medical management of MR is crucial to effectively managing affected patients.Clinical Manifestations of Mitral RegurgitationMitral regurgitation can be acute or chronic, each presenting differently and requiring different approaches:1. Acute Mitral...
629
Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests

344
Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
344
Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

736
IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
736
Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management01:22

Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management

827
IntroductionA range of clinical features characterizes Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP), but it is important to note that many individuals with MVP are asymptomatic and may remain so throughout their lives. For those who do exhibit symptoms, the following are the key clinical features:Palpitations: This is a common symptom where individuals feel an irregular or rapid heartbeat. Palpitations in MVP are often due to arrhythmias such as premature ventricular contractions or supraventricular...
827
Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

945
Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
945
Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management01:26

Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management

365
Mitral stenosis, a condition marked by the narrowing of the mitral valve, necessitates an integrated approach for effective management. This approach includes preventative measures, medical therapy, and surgical interventions to reduce symptoms and prevent complications.PreventionPrevention of mitral stenosis primarily focuses on reducing the incidence of bacterial infections, particularly streptococcal infections, which can lead to rheumatic fever and subsequent valvular damage. Timely...
365

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 27, 2026

A Simplified Stepwise Approach to Echo Guidance during Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair
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Mitral Valve Disease: a Comprehensive Review.

Serge C Harb1, Brian P Griffin2

  • 1Cardiovascular Imaging, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, J1-130, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.

Current Cardiology Reports
|July 9, 2017
PubMed
Summary

This review comprehensively assesses mitral valve diseases, including stenosis and regurgitation. Understanding mitral valve anatomy and pathology is key for effective patient care and treatment advancements.

Keywords:
Mitral regurgitationMitral stenosisMitral valve anatomyMitral valve disease

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Cardiac Surgery
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Mitral valve disease, encompassing stenosis and regurgitation, is prevalent.
  • Rheumatic heart disease remains the leading cause of mitral stenosis globally.
  • Advancements in 3D imaging enhance visualization of mitral valve anatomy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of mitral valve diseases.
  • To detail mitral valve anatomy and its role in disease pathology.
  • To discuss current and emerging therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on mitral valve disease.
  • Analysis of diagnostic imaging techniques, particularly 3D echocardiography.
  • Evaluation of established and investigational treatment modalities.

Main Results:

  • Percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty is the preferred treatment for select mitral stenosis patients.
  • Mitral regurgitation is categorized as primary or secondary.
  • Surgical repair is recommended for severe primary mitral regurgitation, with percutaneous options under investigation.

Conclusions:

  • A thorough understanding of mitral valve anatomy is essential for managing mitral valve disease.
  • Percutaneous interventions are increasingly explored for mitral regurgitation.
  • Optimal patient care necessitates a deep knowledge of mitral valve pathology and anatomy.