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Basic and functional effects of transcranial Electrical Stimulation (tES)-An introduction.

Fatemeh Yavari1, Asif Jamil1, Mohsen Mosayebi Samani1

  • 1Dept. Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, 44139, Germany.

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Summary

Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS), particularly transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) like tDCS and tACS, offers new ways to study brain function and treat neurological disorders.

Keywords:
Cognitive neuroscienceHuman neuroscienceNeurophysiologySynaptic plasticityTranscranial alternating current stimulationTranscranial direct current stimulationTranscranial electrical stimulation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) is increasingly utilized in neuroscience.
  • Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES), including tDCS and tACS, is a prominent NIBS technique.
  • tES involves applying small currents (<3mA) via the scalp to modulate brain activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) mechanisms and applications.
  • To highlight the growing role of tES in human neuroscience research.
  • To discuss the potential of tES in exploring brain physiology, cognitive processes, and clinical treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on transcranial electrical stimulation (tES).
  • Analysis of the mechanisms by which tES affects brain excitability and activity.
  • Categorization of tES applications in research and clinical settings.

Main Results:

  • tES induces acute and long-lasting effects on cerebral regions and networks.
  • tES is applied to investigate brain plasticity and oscillations.
  • tES is used to explore the relationship between brain physiology and cognition.
  • tES shows potential for treating neurological and psychiatric conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) is a versatile tool in neuroscience.
  • tES has broad applications ranging from basic research to clinical therapy.
  • Further research into tES mechanisms and applications is warranted.