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Age Acts as an Adverse Independent Variable for Survival in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Data From a Cohort in
José Carlos Jaime-Pérez1, Lucía Teresa Fernández1, Raúl Alberto Jiménez-Castillo1
1Department of Hematology, Internal Medicine Division, "Dr José E. González" University Hospital of the School of Medicine of the Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México.
Insights
Survival rates for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) significantly decrease with age. Older patients, particularly those over 20, face a higher risk of mortality, underscoring age as a critical prognostic factor.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Oncology
- Pediatric Oncology
Background:
- Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) survival rates are known to decrease with increasing age.
- This study investigates the impact of age on ALL outcomes in a specific patient cohort.
Purpose of the Study:
- To document the effect of age at diagnosis on survival in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).
- To analyze the correlation between age groups and relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS).
Main Methods:
- A cohort of 377 patients diagnosed with ALL between 2005 and 2015 was analyzed.
- Patients were categorized into four age groups: infants (<1), children (1-15), adolescents (16-20), and adults (>20).
- Relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared across age groups using statistical analysis, including Cox regression.
Main Results:
- Five-year RFS and OS rates were highest in children (55.6% and 66.9%) and lowest in adults (19.5% and 24.1%).
- Adolescents showed intermediate survival rates (36.0% RFS, 48.3% OS).
- Significant differences in RFS and OS were observed between all age groups (P < .001).
Conclusions:
- Age is a decisive factor in the clinical progression and outcome of ALL.
- Age over 20 years is identified as a significant high-risk factor for mortality in ALL patients.
Background:
Survival for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) decreases with age. Patients across all age groups from a homogeneous ethnic and socioeconomic background were studied to document age effect.
Material And Methods:
Patients diagnosed from 2005 to 2015 at a university hospital in Northeast Mexico were divided into 4 age groups: infants (< 1), children (≥ 1 to < 16), adolescents (≥ 16 to ≤ 20), and adults (> 20 years). Correlation between age at diagnosis and relapse-free (RFS) and overall survival (OS) was investigated.
Results:
A total of 377 patients were included. Five-year RFS and OS for children were 55.6% and 66.9%; for adolescents, 36.0% and 48.3%; for adults, 19.5% and 24.1%, respectively. Differences in RFS and OS between age groups were significant (P < .001, P < .001). In the Cox regression model, all age groups reached statistical significance in univariate analysis of mortality.
Conclusion:
Age plays a decisive role in clinical evolution of ALL and strongly influences outcome. Age older than 20 represents a progressive high-risk factor for death.
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