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Asthma Exacerbations: Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment
Jamee R Castillo1, Stephen P Peters2, William W Busse1
1Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis.
Summary
Asthma exacerbations, often triggered by viral infections like human rhinovirus, can occur despite optimal medical therapy. This review covers common triggers and strategies for preventing and treating these critical asthma events.
Area of Science:
- Pulmonology
- Allergy and Immunology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Asthma management guidelines emphasize controlling symptoms and preventing exacerbations based on severity and medical therapy.
- Despite optimal treatment, many asthma patients experience acute exacerbations and loss of disease control.
- Viral respiratory infections, especially human rhinovirus, are primary triggers for asthma exacerbations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review common inciting factors for asthma exacerbations.
- To discuss current approaches for preventing asthma exacerbations.
- To outline treatment strategies for managing acute asthma exacerbations.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of common asthma exacerbation triggers.
- Analysis of prevention strategies for asthma exacerbations.
- Synthesis of treatment guidelines for acute asthma events.
Main Results:
- Viral infections are the most frequent cause of asthma exacerbations.
- Identifying and avoiding triggers is crucial for exacerbation prevention.
- Prompt and appropriate treatment is essential for managing asthma exacerbations.
Conclusions:
- Asthma exacerbations pose significant morbidity and healthcare costs.
- Understanding triggers like viral infections is key to effective asthma management.
- A comprehensive approach to prevention and treatment is necessary to improve patient outcomes.
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