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Network-Level Control of Frequency Tuning in Auditory Cortex.

Hiroyuki K Kato1, Samuel K Asinof1, Jeffry S Isaacson1

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|July 11, 2017
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Summary
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Lateral inhibition sharpens auditory cortex tuning through network suppression, a novel mechanism involving reduced excitatory and inhibitory inputs. Somatostatin-expressing interneurons (SOM cells) are key to this process.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Lateral inhibition is a fundamental neural circuit mechanism.
  • It traditionally involves increased GABAergic input to sharpen neuronal tuning.
  • The primary auditory cortex processes sound frequency information.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanism of lateral inhibition in shaping frequency tuning in the auditory cortex.
  • To explore the role of inhibitory interneurons in this process.

Main Methods:

  • In vivo whole-cell recordings in awake mice.
  • Two-photon calcium imaging.
  • Optogenetic manipulation of inhibitory interneurons.

Main Results:

  • Non-preferred tones induce "network suppression," reducing both excitatory and inhibitory inputs onto layer 2/3 auditory cortex cells.
  • Inactivating inhibitory interneurons paradoxically increased inhibitory input.
  • Network suppression was dependent on somatostatin-expressing interneurons (SOM cells) but not parvalbumin-expressing interneurons (PV cells).

Conclusions:

  • GABAergic interneurons regulate cortical activity indirectly by suppressing recurrent excitation.
  • SOM cells, not PV cells, govern lateral inhibition in the auditory cortex.
  • SOM cells control cortical frequency tuning by modulating reverberating circuits.