Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

8.2K
Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An...
8.2K
Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

3.4K
The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...
3.4K
Structural Classification of Joints01:20

Structural Classification of Joints

7.8K
Joints, also known as articulations, are classified based on their structural characteristics, i.e., based on whether the articulating surfaces of the adjacent bones are directly connected by fibrous connective tissue or cartilage, or whether the articulating surfaces contact each other within a fluid-filled joint cavity. These differences serve to divide the joints of the body into three structural classifications.
A fibrous joint is where the adjacent bones are united by fibrous connective...
7.8K
Classification of Bones01:18

Classification of Bones

10.5K
The bones of the human skeletal system are of varied shapes, sizes, and functions. They can be classified based on their shape and function into four major classes: long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones. Some classifications include a fifth type, the sesamoid bones, as a separate class, whereas others categorize them under short bones.
Long and Short Bones
The appendicular skeleton, particularly the upper and lower limbs, is primarily made of long and short bones. The...
10.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Kinematic tracking of the small bones of the wrist in sequential 3DCT and dynamic 4DCT volume images using open-source Hierarchical 3D Registration, a module within SlicerAutoscoper<sup>M</sup>.

Biomedical engineering online·2026
Same author

Methodological Design for Three-Dimensional Assessment of Maxillary and Mandibular Impacted Canines by Cone-Beam Computed Tomography: A Scoping Review.

Orthodontics & craniofacial research·2026
Same author

Craniofacial Suture Maturation in Pycnodysostosis: A CBCT-Based Assessment of the Midpalatal, Zygomaticomaxillary Sutures and the Spheno-Occipital Synchondrosis.

The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association·2026
Same author

Three-Dimensional Facial Soft Tissue Changes Following Two Versus Four Miniscrew-Anchored Rapid Maxillary Expansion in Late Adolescence: A Secondary Data Analysis From a Randomised Clinical Trial.

Orthodontics & craniofacial research·2026
Same author

Correction to: Three-dimensional assessment of tooth movements in clear aligner treatment of moderate and severe crowding.

Clinical oral investigations·2026
Same author

Automated artificial intelligence-driven 3-dimensional craniofacial superimposition for clinically useful treatment outcomes in growing patients: A multicenter study.

American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 27, 2026

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection and Synovial Fluid Lavage in a Rodent Model to Study Joint Inflammation and Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis
06:28

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection and Synovial Fluid Lavage in a Rodent Model to Study Joint Inflammation and Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis

Published on: September 2, 2025

1.6K

Diagnostic Index: An open-source tool to classify TMJ OA condyles.

Beatriz Paniagua1, Laura Pascal2, Juan Prieto3

  • 1Kitware Inc., 101 Weaver St Suite G4, Carrboro, NC, USA 27510.

Proceedings of Spie--The International Society for Optical Engineering
|July 11, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joints (TMJ) affects many patients, but early diagnosis is difficult. Statistical Shape Modeling shows distinct TMJ OA phenotypes, aiding diagnosis and treatment assessment.

Keywords:
ClassificationComputer Assisted DiagnosisOsteoarthritisStatistical Shape ModelTemporomandibular joint

More Related Videos

Software-Assisted Quantitative Measurement of Osteoarthritic Subchondral Bone Thickness
08:52

Software-Assisted Quantitative Measurement of Osteoarthritic Subchondral Bone Thickness

Published on: March 18, 2022

3.5K
A Morphometric and Cellular Analysis Method for the Murine Mandibular Condyle
08:07

A Morphometric and Cellular Analysis Method for the Murine Mandibular Condyle

Published on: January 11, 2018

8.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 27, 2026

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection and Synovial Fluid Lavage in a Rodent Model to Study Joint Inflammation and Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis
06:28

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection and Synovial Fluid Lavage in a Rodent Model to Study Joint Inflammation and Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis

Published on: September 2, 2025

1.6K
Software-Assisted Quantitative Measurement of Osteoarthritic Subchondral Bone Thickness
08:52

Software-Assisted Quantitative Measurement of Osteoarthritic Subchondral Bone Thickness

Published on: March 18, 2022

3.5K
A Morphometric and Cellular Analysis Method for the Murine Mandibular Condyle
08:07

A Morphometric and Cellular Analysis Method for the Murine Mandibular Condyle

Published on: January 11, 2018

8.9K

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Radiology
  • Orthodontics

Background:

  • Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) affects approximately 40% of patients with TMJ disorders.
  • Early-stage TMJ OA lacks clear diagnostic symptoms, complicating diagnosis and treatment.
  • Quantitative 3D imaging analysis offers potential for characterizing TMJ OA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop robust imaging markers for diagnosing TMJ OA and assessing treatment efficacy.
  • To identify distinct morphological differences between asymptomatic controls and various TMJ OA clinical phenotypes.
  • To establish quantitative biomarkers for staging TMJ OA progression.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Statistical Shape Modeling (SSM) based on clinical expert consensus.
  • Analyzed 3D imaging data of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) condyle.
  • Employed three different grouping schemes (3, 5, and 7 groups) for classification.

Main Results:

  • Classifications achieved 74.5% agreement with expert-assigned groups in the best-performing scheme.
  • Findings suggest the existence of distinct, disease-based phenotypic morphologies in TMJ OA.
  • Preliminary results indicate the potential of SSM-based biomarkers for quantitative disease staging.

Conclusions:

  • Statistical Shape Modeling can differentiate TMJ OA phenotypes.
  • SSM-based biomarkers may enable quantitative staging of TMJ OA.
  • The open-source methodology ensures reproducibility and dissemination.