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Non-ohmic Devices00:51

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In most substances, the current flow is proportional to the voltage applied to it. A simple relationship between the values of current, voltage, and resistance is known as Ohm's law. Nonohmic devices do not exhibit a linear relationship between voltage and current. One such device is the semiconducting circuit element known as a diode. A diode is a circuit device that allows current flow in only one direction.
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Reduced and Surface-Modified Graphene Oxide with Nonlinear Resistivity.

Martin Wåhlander1, Fritjof Nilsson1, Richard L Andersson1

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Polymer-grafted reduced graphene oxide (rGO) enables field-grading materials (FGMs) with significantly lower filler content. This innovation enhances electrical component reliability by controlling resistivity through tailored rGO structures.

Keywords:
electrical field-grading materialsnonlinear resistivitypolymer graftingreduced graphene oxide

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Science
  • Electrical Engineering

Background:

  • Field-grading materials (FGMs) are crucial for preventing electrical breakdowns in components.
  • Conventional FGMs require high filler concentrations (around 40 vol.%) of semiconducting or conducting particles.
  • Developing FGMs with improved performance at lower filler content is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate polymer-grafted reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as a low-content filler for FGMs.
  • To explore the relationship between rGO surface modification, dispersibility, and electrical properties in a poly(ethylene-co-butyl acrylate) (EBA) matrix.
  • To demonstrate the control over percolation networks and resistivity using tailored graft lengths on rGO.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing polymer-grafted reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as a filler in a poly(ethylene-co-butyl acrylate) (EBA) matrix at very low filling ratios (<2 vol.%).
  • Employing surface modification techniques (silanization, polymerization) to enhance rGO thermal stability and dispersibility.
  • Conducting electrical resistivity measurements and utilizing simulation models to predict percolation thresholds and inter-flake distances.

Main Results:

  • Polymer-grafted rGO significantly improves dispersibility in the EBA matrix, enabling percolated networks at <2 vol.%.
  • Surface modification enhances rGO thermal stability, and graft length effectively controls inter-flake distances (charge-carrier hopping distances).
  • Achieved FGMs with tunable resistivity, ranging from highly resistive (>10 kV mm⁻¹) to materials with a distinct six-decade drop in resistivity.

Conclusions:

  • Polymer-grafted rGO offers a highly effective route to low-filler content FGMs with tunable electrical properties.
  • The control over inter-flake distances via graft length is key to achieving desired resistivity characteristics.
  • This approach enhances electrical component reliability and material performance through advanced filler engineering.