Relationships between obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression and functioning before and after exposure and
Sarosh J Motivala1, Maria Arellano2, Rebecca L Greco2
1a Department of Psychiatry , University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA.
International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice
|July 11, 2017
Summary
Exposure and response prevention (ERP) therapy improved obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms, depression, and functioning. Post-treatment, functioning and depression became more strongly linked, with rumination also mediating symptom-depression relationships.
Area of Science:
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Science
- Clinical Psychology
Background:
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is frequently comorbid with depression and significantly impairs daily functioning.
- Exposure and response prevention (ERP) is a primary cognitive-behavioral therapy for OCD, but its impact on mediating factors requires further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the mediation roles of functioning, depression, rumination, and worry in the relationship between OCD symptoms and functioning before and after ERP treatment.
- To understand how these cognitive and functional factors change and interact following intensive ERP therapy.
Main Methods:
- A randomized controlled trial involving 44 individuals with OCD, allocated to immediate ERP or a waitlist control group.
- Bootstrapping methods were employed to analyze mediation models, assessing the relationships between OCD symptoms, depression, functioning, rumination, and worry pre- and post-intervention.
Main Results:
- Significant improvements in OCD symptoms, depression, and functioning were observed post-ERP treatment.
- Functioning was found to mediate the link between OCD symptoms and depression. The association between functioning and depression strengthened post-treatment.
- Depression and rumination emerged as significant mediators between OCD symptoms and functioning, particularly at the post-treatment stage.
Conclusions:
- ERP treatment enhances the interconnectedness of depression and functioning in individuals with OCD.
- Post-ERP, interventions targeting depression (e.g., medication, cognitive therapy) and enhancing functioning (e.g., behavioral activation) are crucial for comprehensive OCD patient care.
Related Concept Videos
01:28Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
712
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by recurrent obsessions, compulsions, or both, which consume significant time and interfere with daily functioning. Obsessions involve persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that evoke anxiety. Common examples include irrational fears of contamination or harm. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce the anxiety caused by obsessions. For instance, individuals...
712
01:26Modeling in Therapy
605
Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
605
01:24Operant Conditioning Intervention
554
Operant conditioning serves as a foundational principle in therapeutic interventions aimed at modifying maladaptive behaviors. Central to this approach is the notion that behaviors, both adaptive and maladaptive, are learned through reinforcement. By analyzing the environmental factors that reinforce problematic behaviors, clinicians can design interventions to weaken these reinforcements and replace maladaptive behaviors with healthier alternatives.
In operant conditioning, behaviors that are...
In operant conditioning, behaviors that are...
554
01:24Personality Disorders: Dependent and Obsessive-Compulsive
521
Dependent personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are two separate psychological conditions that influence behavior, relationships, and overall life functioning. Though both involve maladaptive behaviors, their core characteristics and motivations differ significantly.
Dependent Personality Disorder
Dependent personality disorder is characterized by an excessive reliance on others to manage various aspects of life. Individuals with this disorder often struggle...
Dependent Personality Disorder
Dependent personality disorder is characterized by an excessive reliance on others to manage various aspects of life. Individuals with this disorder often struggle...
521
01:22Behavior Therapy
827
Behavior therapy incorporates diverse techniques rooted in classical conditioning principles to address maladaptive behaviors and anxiety disorders. These methods aim to reduce avoidance behaviors, foster adaptive coping mechanisms, and alter associations between stimuli and responses, making them effective in a wide range of therapeutic contexts.
Exposure therapy is a cornerstone of behavioral treatment for anxiety disorders. It involves systematic exposure to feared stimuli, either in real...
Exposure therapy is a cornerstone of behavioral treatment for anxiety disorders. It involves systematic exposure to feared stimuli, either in real...
827
01:25Cognitive Therapy
1.3K
Cognitive therapy, pioneered by Aaron T. Beck in the 1960s, is a structured approach to addressing psychological distress by focusing on the influence of thoughts on emotions and behaviors. All cognitive therapies involve the basic assumption that human beings have control over their feelings, and that how individuals feel about something depends on how they think about it. Unlike psychoanalytic methods that delve into unconscious processes or humanistic approaches emphasizing...
1.3K