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Molecular features of influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 prevalent in Mexico during winter seasons 2012-2014

Rocío Arellano-Llamas1, Luis Alfaro-Ruiz1, Cristian Arriaga Canon2

  • 1Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico.

Plos One
|July 11, 2017
PubMed

Insights

The pandemic H1N1pdm09 virus evolved significantly in Mexico between 2011-2014, with novel genetic mutations impacting virulence and host specificity. Continuous genomic monitoring is crucial for predicting future pathogenic influenza strains.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Epidemiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The pandemic H1N1pdm09 virus emerged in 2009, causing significant public health concern.
  • Biannual increases in H1N1pdm09 cases have been observed in Mexico since its emergence.
  • The virus became the most prevalent influenza strain in Mexico during the 2013-2014 winter season.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the evolution, antigenic, and genetic drift of Mexican H1N1pdm09 isolates from 2009 to 2014.
  • To identify genetic variations associated with severe outcomes and altered viral characteristics.
  • To understand the molecular basis of H1N1pdm09 evolution in Mexico.

Main Methods:

  • Whole-genome sequencing of H1N1pdm09 viral isolates.
  • Phylogenetic analysis to track viral evolution and genetic relationships.
  • Molecular analysis to identify specific mutations and their potential biological functions.

Main Results:

  • Significant viral variation in Mexican H1N1pdm09 isolates was observed between the 2011-2014 seasons.
  • Thirteen novel substitutions with potential biological effects were identified.
  • These substitutions are linked to virulence, T cell epitope presentation, and host specificity shifts.

Conclusions:

  • The H1N1pdm09 virus in Mexico has undergone notable evolution with implications for pathogenicity.
  • Identified mutations suggest alterations in viral-host interactions and immune evasion.
  • Systematic genomic surveillance of circulating influenza viruses is vital for predicting the emergence of novel pathogenic strains.

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