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Multi-body dynamic coupling mechanism for generating throwing arm velocity during baseball pitching
Kozo Naito1, Tokio Takagi2, Hideaki Kubota1
1Faculty of Education, Soka University, Hachioji, Japan.
Human Movement Science
|July 11, 2017
Summary
Maximum throwing arm velocity is driven by passive joint motion and shoulder muscle torque. Dynamic coupling between body segments significantly influences throwing mechanics and performance.
Area of Science:
- Biomechanics
- Sports Science
- Human Movement Analysis
Background:
- Understanding the determinants of maximal throwing arm velocity is crucial for optimizing athletic performance and injury prevention in baseball pitchers.
- Previous research has focused on individual joint contributions, but the dynamic coupling between body segments remains less understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the detailed mechanisms determining maximum throwing arm endpoint velocity.
- To analyze the contributions of muscular and non-muscular torques.
- To investigate the dynamic coupling among the trunk, thorax, and arm segments during pitching.
Main Methods:
- Utilized a three-dimensional motion capture system to record pitching movements of ten collegiate baseball pitchers.
- Developed and applied the induced-segmental velocity analysis (IVA) to decompose the maximum fingertip velocity (MFV).
- Quantified contributions from muscular torques, passive motion-dependent torques (gyroscopic, Coriolis, centrifugal forces), and interactive torques.
Main Results:
- MFV (31.6±1.7m/s) was primarily determined by passive motion-dependent effects increasing angular velocities of the thorax, elbow, and wrist.
- Shoulder internal rotation (IR) torque was a key muscular contributor to IR angular velocity.
- Centrifugal force significantly influenced elbow extension, driven by humerus, thorax, and trunk rotations.
Conclusions:
- Maximum throwing arm velocity results from a complex interplay of passive dynamics and active muscular contributions.
- The induced-segmental velocity analysis (IVA) provides valuable insights into the dynamic coupling mechanisms underlying rapid arm movements in throwing.
- Compensatory mechanisms involving muscular torque components play a role in optimizing throwing performance.
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