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Airway management is a key skill in emergency and critical care settings, as maintaining a clear airway is essential for adequate oxygenation and ventilation.Head Tilt-Chin Lift TechniqueThe head tilt-chin lift maneuver is an essential technique primarily used in patients without suspected cervical spine injuries. To perform this maneuver, one hand is placed on the patient’s forehead, and gentle pressure is applied backward to tilt the head. The fingertips of the other hand are positioned...
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-V: Management01:29

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Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment01:25

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Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
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Acute Respiratory Failure-V01:29

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The treatment for acute respiratory failure varies based on factors like the underlying cause, overall health, and severity. A collaborative healthcare team is essential for early detection, often through arterial blood gas analysis. Identifying the cause is the primary goal, with treatment strategies adjusted for ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch, shunting, or diffusion impairment.
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[Hemodynamic effects of synchronous and asynchronous independent lung ventilation with different levels of positive end-expiratory pressure and tidal volumes on unilateral lung injury in dogs].

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Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Visualizing Field Data Collection Procedures of Exposure and Biomarker Assessments for the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Trial in India
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Surviving With Smog and Smoke: Precision Interventions?

Hua Cai1, Chen Wang2

  • 1National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Center for Respiratory Diseases, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA.

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Air pollution and secondhand smoke cause millions of premature deaths globally. Genomic research offers new precision strategies for early intervention against lung cancer and other diseases caused by these environmental factors.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Genomics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Air pollution, including European smog and Chinese haze, poses a significant global health threat, causing millions of premature deaths annually.
  • Severe air pollution episodes have occurred in major cities like London and Beijing, with particulate matter levels reaching critical thresholds.
  • Exposure to secondhand smoke exacerbates health risks, particularly in countries with high smoking rates, compounding the dangers of air pollution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the severe public health impact of air pollution and secondhand smoke.
  • To explore the potential of genomic and epigenomic studies in understanding disease mechanisms.
  • To introduce the concept of precision intervention for mitigating the effects of unavoidable environmental exposures.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent severe air pollution events and their mortality statistics.
  • Analysis of genomic and epigenomic research on air pollution and smoking-induced diseases.
  • Discussion of emerging precision medicine strategies and therapeutic approaches.

Main Results:

  • Air pollution contributes to hundreds of thousands of premature deaths yearly, primarily from respiratory and cardiovascular diseases.
  • Genomic and epigenomic studies are identifying specific mutational signatures and epigenetic alterations linked to pollution and smoking.
  • Precision strategies targeting these molecular changes offer a novel approach to early disease intervention.

Conclusions:

  • Urgent management of smog and smoke toxicity is crucial for global health.
  • Precision interventions based on genomic and epigenomic insights can protect individuals from unavoidable environmental exposures.
  • Future therapies may be guided by gene-drug interactions and genomic biomarkers for personalized treatment.