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Related Experiment Video

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Helminth antigens counteract a rapid high-fat diet-induced decrease in adipose tissue eosinophils.

Susan M van den Berg1, Andrea D van Dam2,3, Pascal J H Kusters1

  • 1Department of Medical BiochemistryExperimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology
|July 12, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Helminth antigens increase eosinophils in white adipose tissue but do not significantly induce beiging. Brown adipocytes can attract eosinophils, but this does not lead to substantial energy expenditure changes.

Keywords:
adipose tissuebeigingbrown adipocyteseosinophilshelminth antigenshigh-fat diet

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Metabolism
  • Adipose Tissue Biology

Background:

  • Brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation and white adipose tissue (WAT) beiging increase energy expenditure, offering potential for obesity treatment.
  • The immune system, particularly type 2 and anti-inflammatory cells like eosinophils and macrophages, plays a role in adipocyte activation and metabolic homeostasis.
  • High-fat diets (HFD) rapidly decrease eosinophil numbers in various adipose depots.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of helminth antigens on adipose tissue eosinophil levels and WAT beiging in mice on an HFD.
  • To explore the direct interaction between brown adipocytes and eosinophils.
  • To determine if helminth antigen-induced immune responses contribute to metabolic improvements via adipocyte activation.

Main Methods:

  • Mice were fed an HFD, and eosinophil counts in epididymal WAT (EpAT), subcutaneous WAT (ScAT), and BAT were measured.
  • Mice on HFD were treated with helminth antigens (Schistosoma mansoni or Trichuris suis) to assess immune cell infiltration and beiging markers.
  • Brown adipocyte cell lines (T37i) were stimulated with IL-4 to evaluate Ucp1 expression and chemoattractant production.

Main Results:

  • HFD rapidly reduced eosinophil numbers in EpAT, BAT, and ScAT.
  • Helminth antigens increased eosinophils in EpAT and, to a lesser extent, ScAT, but failed to induce significant beiging in WAT depots.
  • Brown adipocytes stimulated with IL-4 produced high levels of eosinophil chemoattractant CCL11 and increased Ucp1 expression.

Conclusions:

  • Helminth antigen-induced eosinophilia does not lead to profound beiging of white adipocytes.
  • Brown adipocytes possess the intrinsic ability to attract eosinophils.
  • The metabolic benefits of helminth antigens may not be primarily mediated by WAT beiging through eosinophil recruitment.