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Updated: Feb 26, 2026

Using a Comparative Species Approach to Investigate the Neurobiology of Paternal Responses
Published on: September 19, 2011
Parental Leave Use among Disadvantaged Fathers
Brianne Pragg1, Chris Knoester2
1Pennsylvania State University.
Most employed fathers use parental leave, but typically for only one week. Positive fatherhood attitudes and cohabitation with the mother predict longer leave. Parental leave correlates with increased father-child engagement.
Area of Science:
- Social Sciences
- Public Health
- Sociology
Background:
- The United States lacks standardized, inclusive parental leave policies compared to other industrialized nations.
- Limited research exists on fathers' parental leave utilization and its impact on father-child relationships.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate patterns and predictors of fathers' parental leave use.
- To examine the association between fathers' parental leave and father-child engagement.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N=2,233).
- Analyzed factors influencing parental leave uptake and duration among fathers.
- Assessed the relationship between parental leave and father-child engagement at child ages one and five.
Main Results:
- The majority of employed fathers take parental leave, but rarely exceed one week.
- Fathers with positive attitudes toward fatherhood and those living with the birth mother are more likely to take leave and for longer durations.
- Taking parental leave, particularly longer durations, is positively linked to higher father-child engagement levels at one and five years post-birth.
Conclusions:
- Fathers' parental leave use is common but brief, influenced by attitudes and living situations.
- Extended parental leave for fathers is associated with improved long-term father-child engagement.
- Policy development should consider factors encouraging longer parental leave for fathers to support child well-being.
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