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Isolated Intracranial Myeloid Sarcoma Occurring as Relapse in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Geetha Narayanan1, Lali V Soman1, Lakshmi Haridas1
1Department of Medical Oncology, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
Myeloid sarcoma (MS), a rare tumor outside the bone marrow, presented as a central nervous system relapse in an acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patient in remission. Successful treatment with chemotherapy and cranial irradiation led to complete remission.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Oncology
- Neurology
Background:
- Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare extramedullary tumor involving granulocytic, monocytic, erythroid, or megakaryocytic blasts.
- MS occurs in 2%-8% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and can manifest as relapse.
Observation:
- A young male with AML in remission for 6 years presented with central nervous system symptoms.
- MRI revealed an extra-axial lesion in the parasagittal parietal region, involving the falx and superior sagittal sinus.
Findings:
- Biopsy confirmed myeloid sarcoma, positive for myeloperoxidase.
- The patient had no other sites of disease.
Implications:
- This case highlights MS as a rare cause of CNS relapse in AML patients in remission.
- Prompt diagnosis and multimodal treatment (chemotherapy and cranial irradiation) achieved complete remission.
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