Is Endoscopy Really Necessary for Placing Intragastric Balloons?

Gastric balloons for weight loss have historically been placed after a screening endoscopy. However, the utility and yield of these endoscopies has not been studied. Therefore, we wanted to evaluate the utility of screening endoscopy and to assess patients who had balloons placed without endoscopy.

Data was collected on two cohorts. Cohort 1 consisted of patients who had a screening endoscopy prior to or upon balloon placement. Cohort 2 consisted of patients who were followed after having a balloon placed under fluoroscopic guidance without endoscopy. Balloon intolerance and findings on removal endoscopy were assessed in both cohorts.

In cohort 1 (n = 253), two patients had severe symptoms on history; balloon placement was contraindicated based on screening endoscopy findings. Eleven patients with a history of hiatal hernia and the presence of severe belching demonstrated an insignificant hiatal hernia on endoscopy. In cohort 2 (n = 50), all patients had an unremarkable history. Three previously asymptomatic patients had balloon intolerance and one was found to have a 4-cm hiatal hernia and oesophagitis upon balloon removal. Out of 194 patients, 25 were either intolerant to the balloon or had relevant findings on removal endoscopy. Findings on screening endoscopy did not correlate with balloon intolerance or findings on removal endoscopy.

These results demonstrate that a careful history can identify patients who may have contraindications for balloon therapy and that balloons can be placed safely after taking a careful history without screening endoscopy. Screening endoscopy may not be useful in predicting balloon intolerance or potential complications.